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+<title>Fifth - language</title>
+<meta name="author" content="Svjatoslav Agejenko" />
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+ /* Languages per Org manual */
+ pre.src-asymptote:before { content: 'Asymptote'; }
+ pre.src-awk:before { content: 'Awk'; }
+ pre.src-authinfo::before { content: 'Authinfo'; }
+ pre.src-C:before { content: 'C'; }
+ /* pre.src-C++ doesn't work in CSS */
+ pre.src-clojure:before { content: 'Clojure'; }
+ pre.src-css:before { content: 'CSS'; }
+ pre.src-D:before { content: 'D'; }
+ pre.src-ditaa:before { content: 'ditaa'; }
+ pre.src-dot:before { content: 'Graphviz'; }
+ pre.src-calc:before { content: 'Emacs Calc'; }
+ pre.src-emacs-lisp:before { content: 'Emacs Lisp'; }
+ pre.src-fortran:before { content: 'Fortran'; }
+ pre.src-gnuplot:before { content: 'gnuplot'; }
+ pre.src-haskell:before { content: 'Haskell'; }
+ pre.src-hledger:before { content: 'hledger'; }
+ pre.src-java:before { content: 'Java'; }
+ pre.src-js:before { content: 'Javascript'; }
+ pre.src-latex:before { content: 'LaTeX'; }
+ pre.src-ledger:before { content: 'Ledger'; }
+ pre.src-lisp:before { content: 'Lisp'; }
+ pre.src-lilypond:before { content: 'Lilypond'; }
+ pre.src-lua:before { content: 'Lua'; }
+ pre.src-matlab:before { content: 'MATLAB'; }
+ pre.src-mscgen:before { content: 'Mscgen'; }
+ pre.src-ocaml:before { content: 'Objective Caml'; }
+ pre.src-octave:before { content: 'Octave'; }
+ pre.src-org:before { content: 'Org mode'; }
+ pre.src-oz:before { content: 'OZ'; }
+ pre.src-plantuml:before { content: 'Plantuml'; }
+ pre.src-processing:before { content: 'Processing.js'; }
+ pre.src-python:before { content: 'Python'; }
+ pre.src-R:before { content: 'R'; }
+ pre.src-ruby:before { content: 'Ruby'; }
+ pre.src-sass:before { content: 'Sass'; }
+ pre.src-scheme:before { content: 'Scheme'; }
+ pre.src-screen:before { content: 'Gnu Screen'; }
+ pre.src-sed:before { content: 'Sed'; }
+ pre.src-sh:before { content: 'shell'; }
+ pre.src-sql:before { content: 'SQL'; }
+ pre.src-sqlite:before { content: 'SQLite'; }
+ /* additional languages in org.el's org-babel-load-languages alist */
+ pre.src-forth:before { content: 'Forth'; }
+ pre.src-io:before { content: 'IO'; }
+ pre.src-J:before { content: 'J'; }
+ pre.src-makefile:before { content: 'Makefile'; }
+ pre.src-maxima:before { content: 'Maxima'; }
+ pre.src-perl:before { content: 'Perl'; }
+ pre.src-picolisp:before { content: 'Pico Lisp'; }
+ pre.src-scala:before { content: 'Scala'; }
+ pre.src-shell:before { content: 'Shell Script'; }
+ pre.src-ebnf2ps:before { content: 'ebfn2ps'; }
+ /* additional language identifiers per "defun org-babel-execute"
+ in ob-*.el */
+ pre.src-cpp:before { content: 'C++'; }
+ pre.src-abc:before { content: 'ABC'; }
+ pre.src-coq:before { content: 'Coq'; }
+ pre.src-groovy:before { content: 'Groovy'; }
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+ pre.src-csh:before { content: 'csh'; }
+ pre.src-ash:before { content: 'ash'; }
+ pre.src-dash:before { content: 'dash'; }
+ pre.src-ksh:before { content: 'ksh'; }
+ pre.src-mksh:before { content: 'mksh'; }
+ pre.src-posh:before { content: 'posh'; }
+ /* Additional Emacs modes also supported by the LaTeX listings package */
+ pre.src-ada:before { content: 'Ada'; }
+ pre.src-asm:before { content: 'Assembler'; }
+ pre.src-caml:before { content: 'Caml'; }
+ pre.src-delphi:before { content: 'Delphi'; }
+ pre.src-html:before { content: 'HTML'; }
+ pre.src-idl:before { content: 'IDL'; }
+ pre.src-mercury:before { content: 'Mercury'; }
+ pre.src-metapost:before { content: 'MetaPost'; }
+ pre.src-modula-2:before { content: 'Modula-2'; }
+ pre.src-pascal:before { content: 'Pascal'; }
+ pre.src-ps:before { content: 'PostScript'; }
+ pre.src-prolog:before { content: 'Prolog'; }
+ pre.src-simula:before { content: 'Simula'; }
+ pre.src-tcl:before { content: 'tcl'; }
+ pre.src-tex:before { content: 'TeX'; }
+ pre.src-plain-tex:before { content: 'Plain TeX'; }
+ pre.src-verilog:before { content: 'Verilog'; }
+ pre.src-vhdl:before { content: 'VHDL'; }
+ pre.src-xml:before { content: 'XML'; }
+ pre.src-nxml:before { content: 'XML'; }
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+ (add-to-list 'org-latex-listings-langs '(conf " ")) in .emacs */
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+<body>
+<div id="content" class="content">
+<h1 class="title">Fifth - language</h1>
+<div id="table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
+<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
+<div id="text-table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#orgb91833d">1. Fifth source format</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#orgceb2541">1.1. FSCII</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#org8270664">2. Fifth commands</a>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#org6885ec7">2.1. Compilation & miscellaneous</a></li>
+<li><a href="#orge400336">2.2. Conditionals & control flow</a></li>
+<li><a href="#org69bc847">2.3. Disk & file access</a></li>
+<li><a href="#orgee300f5">2.4. Dynamic memory</a></li>
+<li><a href="#org1784744">2.5. Graphics and text</a></li>
+<li><a href="#org4c1d973">2.6. Math, memory & stack manipulation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#org0c4a738">2.7. Dynamic & static strings</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+<div id="outline-container-orgb91833d" class="outline-2">
+<h2 id="orgb91833d"><span class="section-number-2">1.</span> Fifth source format</h2>
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
+<p>
+Fifth uses a different character table and codes than ASCII (still
+almost similar). I call it FSCII (Fifth Standard Code for Information
+Interchange) for example space character is not 32 but 255 instead. I
+plan to use mainly HEX numbers, and create new characters to represent
+numeric values. So typical nemric characters "0123…" is treated
+like ordinary letters.
+</p>
+</div>
+<div id="outline-container-orgceb2541" class="outline-3">
+<h3 id="orgceb2541"><span class="section-number-3">1.1.</span> FSCII</h3>
+<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-1">
+<table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
+
+
+<colgroup>
+<col class="org-right" />
+
+<col class="org-left" />
+
+<col class="org-left" />
+</colgroup>
+<thead>
+<tr>
+<th scope="col" class="org-right">DEC</th>
+<th scope="col" class="org-left">HEX</th>
+<th scope="col" class="org-left">function</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr>
+<td class="org-right">0 - 15</td>
+<td class="org-left">0 - F</td>
+<td class="org-left">HEX numbers</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="org-right">252</td>
+<td class="org-left">FC</td>
+<td class="org-left">backspace</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="org-right">253</td>
+<td class="org-left">FD</td>
+<td class="org-left">tabulator (TAB)</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="org-right">254</td>
+<td class="org-left">FE</td>
+<td class="org-left">carriage return (CR)</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="org-right">255</td>
+<td class="org-left">FF</td>
+<td class="org-left">space</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class="org-right">else</td>
+<td class="org-left"> </td>
+<td class="org-left">ordinary characters, same as in ASCII.</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="outline-container-org8270664" class="outline-2">
+<h2 id="org8270664"><span class="section-number-2">2.</span> Fifth commands</h2>
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
+</div>
+<div id="outline-container-org6885ec7" class="outline-3">
+<h3 id="org6885ec7"><span class="section-number-3">2.1.</span> Compilation & miscellaneous</h3>
+<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-1">
+<p class="verse">
+init module ( – )<br />
+                First module, control is passed to on startup. Contains<br />
+                initialization routines. Also it is the last core module.<br />
+                All new modules on top of it comes as result of executing<br />
+                external source files.<br />
+<br />
+head <name> ( – ) compiles new dictionary entry without specifying<br />
+                new module type.<br />
+                ex: head myentry<br />
+<br />
+: <name> ( – ) creates new code module<br />
+; ( – ) ends module (immideate)<br />
+                ex: : hello ." hi there" ;<br />
+<br />
+const <name> ( n – ) defines new constant.<br />
+                ex: 2147483647 const max<br />
+<br />
+:i <name> ( – ) same as ":" but this module will be executed<br />
+                immideately even in compile mode.<br />
+                ex: :i ( 41 scan ;<br />
+<br />
+create <name> ( – ) same as "head" , but specify module type as data.<br />
+                ex: create LotoResults 5 , 13 , 52 , 12 , 11 , 3 ,<br />
+<br />
+allot ( n – ) allocate n bytes in dictionary.<br />
+                ex: create MyArray 100 allot<br />
+<br />
+" <string>" ( – ) compile string and its size into core.<br />
+                ex: create Mystring " This is it's contects"<br />
+<br />
+str <name> <string>" ( – ) just shorter way for defining strings.<br />
+                ex: str Mystring This is it's contenc"<br />
+<br />
+var <name> ( – ) define new 32 bit variable.<br />
+                ex: var result<br />
+<br />
+' <module> ( – n ) return memory address of given entry.<br />
+                ex: ' init<br />
+<br />
+forget <name> ( – ) erases from RAM given entry and all entries what was<br />
+                defined after it.<br />
+                ex: forget myprog<br />
+<br />
+[ ( – ) set interpret mode (immideate)<br />
+] ( n – ) set compile mode and compile top stack element<br />
+                in as literal. Together [ …. ] cobination provides good<br />
+                way to compute some values only once, at compile time,<br />
+                rather than every time while program is running.<br />
+                ex: : calculate - [ 4 MyConst1 + MyConst2 * ] ;<br />
+<br />
+defer <name> ( – ) creates new module, with jump instruction.<br />
+                Later address where to jump can be modified by "is" command.<br />
+                This provides method of foward referencing. So you can use<br />
+                modules what not jet exist.<br />
+is ( address1 address2 – ) address1 - where to jump, address2 -<br />
+                address of module created by defer command.<br />
+                ex: defer dispver<br />
+                        : run dispver ." running …" ;<br />
+                               … whatever …<br />
+                        : (dispver ." Version 9.99 " ;<br />
+                        ' (dispver ' dispver is<br />
+<br />
+                Now if I type "run" on the screen appears:<br />
+                        Version 9.99 running …<br />
+<br />
+asc <char> ( – ) reads char ascii code and treats it as literal.<br />
+                (immideate)<br />
+                ex: : BreakLine 30 do asc - emit loop ;<br />
+                                 same as:<br />
+                    : BreakLine 30 do 45 emit loop ;<br />
+<br />
+dyninc ( handle – ) execute code in dynamic memory handle.<br />
+                automatically deallocates it when done.<br />
+<br />
+include ( filenumber – ) execute code in specified file.<br />
+<br />
+words ( – ) display existing blocks in core.<br />
+<br />
+bye ( – ) exit from Fifth<br />
+<br />
+fkey ( – c )<br />
+                Read one byte from input stream.<br />
+<br />
+sadd ( c addr – )<br />
+                Add one byte "c" to string located at "addr" and updates<br />
+                string length.<br />
+<br />
+scan ( c – )<br />
+                Read input stream and store it to pad until it finds c .<br />
+                It ignores all "c" bytes until it finds any non "c" byte.<br />
+                in other words:<br />
+                                c is: "<br />
+                         input stream: """"This is test !"aoeu idh<br />
+                               result: This is test !<br />
+<br />
+                Is useful for breaking text lines into words.<br />
+<br />
+skey ( – c )<br />
+                So called safe "fkey". Reads data from input stream<br />
+                but converts characters with ASCII codes: 9 13 10<br />
+                to spaces.<br />
+<br />
+str=str? ( adr1 adr2 – result )<br />
+                Compares string at "adr1" with string at "adr2", returns<br />
+                true flag if they are equal or false if they are not.<br />
+                true = -1<br />
+                false = 0<br />
+<br />
+find ( – addr )<br />
+                Searches whole dictionary for word in "pad". If found,<br />
+                returns it address, if not, returns 0.<br />
+<br />
+execute ( – )<br />
+                Execute word located in "pad". Depending on "mode".<br />
+<br />
+dta ( addr – DataAddr )<br />
+                Calculates address of dictionary entry data area, from<br />
+                entry point.<br />
+<br />
+2num ( – num result )<br />
+                Attempt to convert string located in "pad" into numeric<br />
+                value. If succeed returns number and true as result.<br />
+                If not, returns whatever and false as result.<br />
+<br />
+dadd ( addr length – )<br />
+                Add to dictionary data located at "addr", with specified<br />
+                length.<br />
+<br />
+lit ( n – )<br />
+                Act with number depending on "mode". When interpreting,<br />
+                leaves it in stack.<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+incmod ( addr – )<br />
+                Add to dictionary data located at "addr"+1 , length is taken<br />
+                from "addr".<br />
+<br />
+here ( – n )<br />
+                return "h" contents.<br />
+<br />
+mode var 8 bit<br />
+                Holds input stream parser operation mode.<br />
+                0 = interpreting<br />
+                1 = compiling<br />
+<br />
+pad var 128 bytes<br />
+                Holds temprorary strings.<br />
+<br />
+h var 32 bit<br />
+                Pointer to free byte in memory, always at the end of the<br />
+                dictionary. Each time when something is stored<br />
+                by "c," command, pointer is incareased.<br />
+<br />
+lp var 32 bit<br />
+                Pointer to last dictionary word. Each time when new word is<br />
+                compiled or erased by "forget", this pointer is updated.<br />
+<br />
+modulechk ( Dstr<filename> – ) check if module is loaded, if not<br />
+                immideately load it.<br />
+<br />
+ne ( entrydata entrytype – ) Compile new dictionary entry.<br />
+                It's name must be in "pad".<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="outline-container-orge400336" class="outline-3">
+<h3 id="orge400336"><span class="section-number-3">2.2.</span> Conditionals & control flow</h3>
+<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-2">
+<p class="verse">
+if ( flag – ) (immideate)<br />
+                "if 1.. else 2.. then" or<br />
+                "if 1.. then" construction. Conditional execution.<br />
+                Performs "1.." if "flag" was true,<br />
+                elseway performs "2.." if exist. Execution continues after<br />
+                word "then".<br />
+                ex: 1 if ." nonzero" else ." zero" then<br />
+<br />
+>= ( n1 n2 – result ) true if (n1 = n2) or (n1 > n2)<br />
+                ex: 5 3 >= if ." first number is greater or equal" then<br />
+<br />
+<= ( n1 n2 – result ) true if (n1 = n2) or (n1 < n2)<br />
+= ( n1 n2 – result ) true if n1 = n2<br />
+<br />
+do ( count – ) (immideate)<br />
+                "do .. loop" construction. Performs ".." "count" times.<br />
+                In every step "count" is decareased until it is 0.<br />
+                ex: : test 5 do i .d loop ;<br />
+                result: 4 3 2 1 0<br />
+<br />
+doexit ( – ) exit from "do .. loop"<br />
+<br />
+for ( count top – ) (immideate)<br />
+                "for .. loop" construction. Performs ".." (top - count) times.<br />
+                In every step "count" is incareased until it reaches "top" .<br />
+                ex: : test 4 10 for i .d loop ;<br />
+                result: 4 5 6 7 8 9<br />
+<br />
+forexit ( – ) exit from "for .. loop"<br />
+<br />
+until ( – ) (immideate)<br />
+                "until .. loop" construction. Performs ".." until flag become<br />
+                true. False by default. Top of return stack holds flag.<br />
+<br />
+done ( – ) exit from "until .. loop"<br />
+<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="outline-container-org69bc847" class="outline-3">
+<h3 id="org69bc847"><span class="section-number-3">2.3.</span> Disk & file access</h3>
+<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-3">
+<p class="verse">
+diskload ( FromDisk ToMem amount – )<br />
+                Load specified abount of bytes from disk into memory.<br />
+<br />
+disksave ( FromMem ToDisk amount – )<br />
+                save specified abount of bytes from memory into disk.<br />
+<br />
+format ( – ) Erase all files.<br />
+<br />
+fsDfilesize@ ( handle – size )<br />
+                Return size of opened file.<br />
+<br />
+fsDcurloc@ ( handle – location )<br />
+                Return current location in file.<br />
+<br />
+fsDupdated@ ( handle – updated? )<br />
+                Return true if file was updated,<br />
+                ie. write operations occured.<br />
+<br />
+fssave ( FromMem DestFileHandle amount – )<br />
+                Save data to file.<br />
+<br />
+fsload ( SrcFileHandle ToMem amount – )<br />
+                Load data from file.<br />
+<br />
+fseof ( handle – bytesLeft )<br />
+                Return amount of bytes left till end of file.<br />
+                Useful before read operation.<br />
+<br />
+fsls ( – ) List all files and lists (directories,folders)<br />
+                in current path.<br />
+<br />
+fslsr ( – ) Same as "fsls" but recursively scans also sub lists.<br />
+<br />
+fscl ( DynStrHand – )<br />
+                Change list (path)<br />
+<br />
+fscreate ( DynStrHand – DescPnt )<br />
+                Create new file or list. Can create multiple lists at once.<br />
+                ex: when creating:<br />
+                    "\listGAMES\listSTRATEGY\listSIMWORLD\5th-runme"<br />
+                and only "\listGAMES\" already exist, then<br />
+                "listSTRATEGY" and "listSIMWORLD" lists will be created,<br />
+                and empty file "5th-runme" placed in there.<br />
+<br />
+fsDsave ( DynHand<data> DynStrHand<filename> – )<br />
+                Create new file and save all data from dynamic memory<br />
+                block to it.<br />
+<br />
+fsDload ( DynStr<SrcFileName> DynHand<DataDest> – )<br />
+                Load whole file into dynamic memory block.<br />
+<br />
+fsDloadnew ( DynStr<SrcFileName> – DynHand<DataDest> )<br />
+                Load whole file into new dynamic memory block.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="outline-container-orgee300f5" class="outline-3">
+<h3 id="orgee300f5"><span class="section-number-3">2.4.</span> Dynamic memory</h3>
+<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-4">
+<p class="verse">
+dynal ( size – handle )<br />
+                Allocate dynamic memory block and return it's handle.<br />
+<br />
+dynde ( handle – )<br />
+                Deallocate dynamic memory block.<br />
+<br />
+dynp ( handle – addr )<br />
+                Returns pointer to memory where dynamic block<br />
+                data begins.<br />
+<br />
+dyns ( handle – size )<br />
+                Returns size of dynamic block.<br />
+<br />
+dynresize ( NewSize handle – )<br />
+                Nondestructively resize dynamic block.<br />
+<br />
+dync@ ( addr handle )<br />
+                Read one byte from dynamic block.<br />
+<br />
+dync! ( byte addr dynhandle )<br />
+                Write one byte to dynamic block.<br />
+<br />
+dyn@ ( addr handle )<br />
+                Read 32 bit number from dynamic block.<br />
+                Address will spacify, whitch number, not byte.<br />
+<br />
+dyn! ( 32BitNum addr dynhandle )<br />
+                Write 32 bit number to dynamic block.<br />
+                Address will spacify, whitch number, not byte.<br />
+<br />
+dyncon ( size "name" – )<br />
+                Allocate dynamic block with specified size, and<br />
+                create constant honding its handle.<br />
+                ex: 100 dyncon MyNewBlock<br />
+<br />
+dyn. ( handle – )<br />
+                Write contenc of dynamic memory block to screen.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="outline-container-org1784744" class="outline-3">
+<h3 id="org1784744"><span class="section-number-3">2.5.</span> Graphics and text</h3>
+<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-5">
+<p class="verse">
+. ( n – ) print number on screen<br />
+<br />
+d. ( n – ) print number on screen in decimal<br />
+<br />
+? ( addr – ) print 32 bit value located at addr.<br />
+<br />
+." <string>" ( – ) print string into screen. Immideately<br />
+                compiles.<br />
+                ex: : greeting ." Hello, World" ;<br />
+<br />
+tab. ( – ) print tabulator<br />
+<br />
+calccol ( b g r – c ) calculate color what best matches given<br />
+                Blue Green & Red values. Values must be in range 0 - 255.<br />
+<br />
+imgalloc ( xsize ysize – imgbuf ) allocate image buffer for<br />
+                specified size.<br />
+<br />
+imgsize ( imgbuf – ) print on the screen X & Y size of image<br />
+                buffer.<br />
+<br />
+point ( x y imgbuf – addr ) returns memory address for specified<br />
+                pixel.<br />
+<br />
+pset ( color x y imgbuf – ) set graphic point<br />
+<br />
+boxf ( x1 x2 y1 y2 imgbuf color – ) draw filled box<br />
+<br />
+cls ( imgbuf – ) clear image buffer<br />
+<br />
+setpal ( b g r color – ) set palette value for specified color.<br />
+                values bust be in size 0 - 63.<br />
+<br />
+putchar ( char color x y imgbuf – ) put graphic character in<br />
+                imagebuffer to specified (x & y) location.<br />
+<br />
+scroll ( x y imgbuf – ) scroll in imgbuf.<br />
+<br />
+scrollf ( color x y screen – ) scroll and fill empty space with<br />
+                given color.<br />
+<br />
+at! ( x y – ) set cursor location<br />
+curc! ( color – ) set text color<br />
+curb! ( solor – ) set backround color<br />
+<br />
+colnorm ( – ) set text color to normal<br />
+colneg ( – ) set text color to negative (selected)<br />
+<br />
+dyntype ( dynhandle – ) display contenc of dynamic memory on screen<br />
+fsdisp ( file – ) clear screen, display file, and wait for key<br />
+<br />
+type ( addr length – )<br />
+                Types on the screen string, from memory at addr and<br />
+                specified length.<br />
+<br />
+write ( addr – )<br />
+                Types on the screen string, from memory at "addr"+1<br />
+                length is taken from "addr" .<br />
+<br />
+screen const 32 bit<br />
+                Holds handle of screen buffer.<br />
+<br />
+copyscreen ( SrcImgHandle DestImgHandle – ) copy contenc of source<br />
+                image to destination image. Source and destination images<br />
+                must have same size.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="outline-container-org4c1d973" class="outline-3">
+<h3 id="org4c1d973"><span class="section-number-3">2.6.</span> Math, memory & stack manipulation</h3>
+<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-6">
+<p class="verse">
+off ( n – ) writes 0 to given address, good for zeroing variable.<br />
+                ex: MyVariable off<br />
+on ( n – ) writes -1 (true flag) to given address.<br />
+                ex: MyVariable on<br />
+<br />
+2dup ( n1 n2 – n1 n2 n1 n2 )<br />
+2drop ( n1 n2 – )<br />
+nip ( n1 n2 – n2 )<br />
+neg ( n1 – -n1 ) negotiate<br />
+bit@ ( n bit – result ) return specified bit from n.<br />
+                ex: 38 2 bit@ (result will be 1)<br />
+to32bit ( n1 n2 n3 n4 – n32 ) treat 4 last stack elements as bytes<br />
+                and unite them into 32 bit dword. Most significant byte<br />
+                on top.<br />
+                ex: 12 76 23 11 to32bit result: 186076172<br />
+<br />
+to8bit ( n32 – n1 n2 n3 n4 ) break 32 bit number into 4 bytes.<br />
+                Useful if you need to send 32 bit numbers thru 8 bit COM<br />
+                port.<br />
+                ex: 186076172 to8bit result: 12 76 23 11<br />
+<br />
+mod ( n1 n2 – reminder ) divide n1 by n2 and returns reminder.<br />
+                ex: 12 5 mod result: 2<br />
+<br />
+bound ( low n high – n ) check if n is in given bounds,<br />
+                if not then incarease/decarease it to match bounds.<br />
+                ex: 5 80 15 bound result: 15<br />
+                    5 10 15 bound result: 10<br />
+                    5 -10 15 bound result: 5<br />
+<br />
+bound? ( low n high – result ) returns true if n is in the<br />
+                given bounds.<br />
+<br />
+tab ( col – spaces) calculate amount of spaces to add<br />
+                ta reach next tabulation from given column.<br />
+<br />
+count ( addr – addr+1 n )<br />
+                Useful for returning bytes from constantly incareasing<br />
+                address. Module "type" is nice example.<br />
+<br />
+c, ( n – )<br />
+                store one byte at memory specified by "h". And incarease<br />
+                "h" by 1.<br />
+<br />
+, ( n – )<br />
+                store 32 bit number at memory specified by "h". And<br />
+                incarease "h" by 4.<br />
+<br />
+cmove ( addr1 addr2 n – )<br />
+                copy "n" amount of bytes from memory at "addr1" to memory<br />
+                at "addr2".<br />
+<br />
+rnd ( limit – result )<br />
+                generates random number in range 0 to "limit"-1.<br />
+<br />
+abs ( n – |n| )<br />
+                returns absolute value of "n"<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="outline-container-org0c4a738" class="outline-3">
+<h3 id="org0c4a738"><span class="section-number-3">2.7.</span> Dynamic & static strings</h3>
+<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-2-7">
+<p>
+Fifth supports both static and dynamic strings. Static strings must
+have predefined space reserved, and string mustn't exceed this
+length. They manipulation is faster. But they use more memory. Static
+string memory address is used to refer to the string.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Dynamic strings can have at any time length form 0 to 0FFh, They take
+up only memory they currently need. They are held in dynamic memory
+blocks, so dynamic block handle is used to refer to this string.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Both types of strings are stored in the way, where first (0th) byte
+holds current string length, following bytes are string itself.
+</p>
+
+
+<p class="verse">
+Dynamic:<br />
+<br />
+Dstral ( – handle )<br />
+                Allocate new string.<br />
+<br />
+Dstrlen ( handle – length )<br />
+                Return string length.<br />
+<br />
+c+Dstr ( chr handle – )<br />
+                Add one byte to end of the string.<br />
+<br />
+c+lDstr ( chr handle – )<br />
+                Add one byte to left side (beginning) of the string.<br />
+<br />
+Dstr. ( handle – )<br />
+                Write contec of string into screen.<br />
+<br />
+Dstrsure ( size Dstr – )<br />
+                Makes sure that at least rquested<br />
+                "size" (amount of characters) is allocated for given<br />
+                dynamic string.<br />
+<br />
+Dstr2str ( handle address – )<br />
+                Copy dyamic string into static memory space.<br />
+<br />
+str2Dstr ( address handle – )<br />
+                Copy static string into dyamic string.<br />
+<br />
+Dstr+str ( Dstr addr – )<br />
+                Add contenc of dynamic string to static string.<br />
+<br />
+D" any string" ( – Dstr )<br />
+                Moves specified string into dynamic string called "defDstr".<br />
+<br />
+D> any_string ( – Dstr )<br />
+                Moves specified string into dynamic string called "defDstr".<br />
+                Space marks end of string!<br />
+<br />
+D>2 any_string ( – Dstr )<br />
+                Moves specified string into dynamic string called "defDstr2".<br />
+                Space marks end of string!<br />
+<br />
+Dstr+Dstr ( Dstr1 Dstr2 – )<br />
+                Adds "Dstr1" to "Dstr2" and places result into "Dstr2".<br />
+<br />
+Dstrclear ( Dstr – )<br />
+                Clears contenc of dynamic string.<br />
+<br />
+Dstr2Dstr ( Dstr1 Dstr2 – )<br />
+                Moves "Dstr1" to "Dstr2".<br />
+Dstr ( data" name – )<br />
+                Creates new dynamic string and moves specified data into it.<br />
+                Then creates new constant with given "name" holding created<br />
+                dynamic string handle.<br />
+<br />
+                ex: Dstr Hello, my name is Sven!" message \ creates it<br />
+                    message Dstr. \ tests it<br />
+<br />
+Dstrlscan ( char Dstr – loc )<br />
+                Searches dynamic string for "char", from left to right,<br />
+                returns first found "char" location in string, or 0,<br />
+                if not found.<br />
+<br />
+Dstrrscan ( char Dstr – loc )<br />
+                Searches dynamic string for "char", from right to left,<br />
+                returns first found "char" location in string, or 0,<br />
+                if not found.<br />
+<br />
+Dstrlscane ( char Dstr – loc )<br />
+                Same as "Dstrlscan" buf returns string length+1 as location.<br />
+ΓΏ<br />
+Dstrleft ( amo Dstr – )<br />
+                Only specified amount of characters from left remains<br />
+                in dynamic string. ie. cut right part out.<br />
+<br />
+Dstrright ( amo Dstr – )<br />
+                Only specified amount of characters from right remains<br />
+                in dynamic string. ie. cut left part out.<br />
+<br />
+Dstrcutl ( amo Dstr – )<br />
+                Cut specified amount of characters from left of dynamic<br />
+                string out.<br />
+<br />
+Dstrsp ( char Dstr1 Dstr2 – )<br />
+                Separate dynamic string in Dstr1 into two parts,<br />
+                using "char" as separator. First part will be stored in<br />
+                "Dstr2", second part in "Dstr1".<br />
+                ex: asc \ \ ..separator<br />
+                    D> listF\listLIB\5TH_DRVMOUSE \ ..separate from<br />
+                    defDstr2 \ ..place result in<br />
+                    Dstrsp \ separation command<br />
+                    defDstr Dstr. \ will be: listLIB\5TH_DRVMOUSE<br />
+                    defDstr2 Dstr. \ will be: listF<br />
+<br />
+Dv ( addr – )<br />
+                Allocates empty dynamic string, and places it's handle<br />
+                into given address.<br />
+<br />
+Df ( addr – )<br />
+                Reads dynamic string handle from given address and<br />
+                deallocates (frees) it.<br />
+<br />
+ex: var mystring1<br />
+        : testmodule<br />
+        mystring1 Dv \ allocates string<br />
+<br />
+                <whatever><br />
+<br />
+        mystring1 Df ; \ deallocates it again when no longer needed.<br />
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="postamble" class="status">
+<p class="author">Author: Svjatoslav Agejenko</p>
+<p class="date">Created: 2023-09-18 Mon 01:47</p>
+<p class="validation"><a href="https://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer">Validate</a></p>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
projects / fifth.git / blobdiff