From 29f2254bad2c0495e8906d7affafabd3d9b227e6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Svjatoslav Agejenko Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2025 08:52:09 +0300 Subject: [PATCH] Better documentation for 4D engine, Alarms and mouse driver. --- 2D GFX/Fractals/index.html | 40 ++--- 2D GFX/Spirals/index.html | 54 +++--- 2D GFX/Textures/index.html | 34 ++-- 3D GFX/3D Synthezier/doc/index.html | 162 +++++++++--------- 3D GFX/Miscellaneous/index.html | 54 +++--- 3D GFX/Space/index.html | 36 ++-- Math/Plotting/index.html | 36 ++-- Math/Simulation/index.html | 64 +++---- Math/Truth table/index.html | 64 +++---- .../{4D engine/qeng.bas => 4D engine.bas} | 0 .../{4D engine/sshot.png => 4D engine.png} | Bin Miscellaneous/4D engine/index.html | 22 --- Miscellaneous/{alarm 1.bas => Alarm 1.bas} | 0 Miscellaneous/{alarm 1.mp3 => Alarm 1.mp3} | Bin Miscellaneous/{alarm 2.bas => Alarm 2.bas} | 0 Miscellaneous/{alarm 2.mp3 => Alarm 2.mp3} | Bin Miscellaneous/Mouse driver/index.html | 69 +++++--- Miscellaneous/Mouse driver/index.org | 26 +++ index.org | 153 ++++++++++++++++- 19 files changed, 496 insertions(+), 318 deletions(-) rename Miscellaneous/{4D engine/qeng.bas => 4D engine.bas} (100%) rename Miscellaneous/{4D engine/sshot.png => 4D engine.png} (100%) delete mode 100644 Miscellaneous/4D engine/index.html rename Miscellaneous/{alarm 1.bas => Alarm 1.bas} (100%) rename Miscellaneous/{alarm 1.mp3 => Alarm 1.mp3} (100%) rename Miscellaneous/{alarm 2.bas => Alarm 2.bas} (100%) rename Miscellaneous/{alarm 2.mp3 => Alarm 2.mp3} (100%) diff --git a/2D GFX/Fractals/index.html b/2D GFX/Fractals/index.html index 8b2fd16..f435ae9 100644 --- a/2D GFX/Fractals/index.html +++ b/2D GFX/Fractals/index.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> - + Fractals @@ -210,11 +210,11 @@

Table of Contents

@@ -236,8 +236,8 @@ -
-

1. Fractal circles

+
+

1. Fractal circles

This QBasic program generates a visually captivating spiral fractal @@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ geometry, recursive programming, and graphical design.

-
+

fractal%20circles.png

@@ -266,8 +266,8 @@ indefinitely.
-
-

2. Fractal circles animated

+
+

2. Fractal circles animated

This QBasic program creates an animated fractal composed of circles, @@ -287,29 +287,29 @@ system to control the animation's progression.

-
-

3. Fractal of squares

+
+

3. Fractal of squares

This QBasic program generates and displays a fractal pattern composed of squares.

-
+

fractal%20squares,%201.png

-
+

fractal%20squares,%202.png

-
-

4. Fractal of squares animated

+
+

4. Fractal of squares animated

This QBasic program generates an animated fractal pattern composed of @@ -331,8 +331,8 @@ resulting in a dynamic and ever-changing geometric pattern.

-
-

5. Fractal of trees

+
+

5. Fractal of trees

QBasic program that generates a visually appealing fractal tree @@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ resembles a tree, with branches that grow and change over time.

-

Created: 2025-07-29 ti 17:31

+

Created: 2025-07-30 ke 01:26

Validate

diff --git a/2D GFX/Spirals/index.html b/2D GFX/Spirals/index.html index 5c2726b..1fe8864 100644 --- a/2D GFX/Spirals/index.html +++ b/2D GFX/Spirals/index.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> - + Spiral series @@ -210,12 +210,12 @@

Table of Contents

@@ -236,11 +236,11 @@ } -
-

1. Spiral with increasing density

+
+

1. Spiral with increasing density

-
+

spiral.png

@@ -320,11 +320,11 @@ userInput$ = INPUT$(1)
-
-

2. Spiral with varying height

+
+

2. Spiral with varying height

-
+

spiral, 2.png

@@ -391,11 +391,11 @@ a$ = INPUT$(1)
-
-

3. Shaded spiral

+
+

3. Shaded spiral

-
+

spiral, 3.png

@@ -497,8 +497,8 @@ a$ = INPUT$(1)
-
-

4. Sphere forming spiral

+
+

4. Sphere forming spiral

Similar to previous spiral, Line segments are connected between the @@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ multiple linked spherical shapes. Initially point cloud in shown:

-
+

spiral, 4, 1.png

@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ In the next step, points are connected using lines:

-
+

spiral, 4, 2.png

@@ -622,11 +622,11 @@ a$ = INPUT$(1)
-
-

5. Textured spherical spiral

+
+

5. Textured spherical spiral

-
+

spiral, 5.png

@@ -749,11 +749,11 @@ a$ = INPUT$(1)
-
-

6. Textured and shaded spherical spiral

+
+

6. Textured and shaded spherical spiral

-
+

spiral, 6.png

@@ -937,7 +937,7 @@ yStep2 = (oppositePointY2 - oppositePointY1) / stepCount
-

Created: 2025-07-29 ti 17:31

+

Created: 2025-07-30 ke 01:26

Validate

diff --git a/2D GFX/Textures/index.html b/2D GFX/Textures/index.html index fff135e..5673da2 100644 --- a/2D GFX/Textures/index.html +++ b/2D GFX/Textures/index.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> - + Algorithmic textures @@ -210,11 +210,11 @@

Table of Contents

@@ -233,8 +233,8 @@ } -
-

1. Circular waves

+
+

1. Circular waves

This QBasic program creates visually captivating circular wave @@ -313,8 +313,8 @@ algorithms can produce intricate and visually appealing results.

-
-

2. Diamond square clouds

+
+

2. Diamond square clouds

This QBasic program demonstrates the Diamond-Square algorithm, a @@ -429,8 +429,8 @@ WAITa$ = INPUT$(1)

-
-

3. Old paper

+
+

3. Old paper

This QBasic program generates a procedural texture that simulates the @@ -527,8 +527,8 @@ inputKey$ = INPUT$(1)

-
-

4. Wood

+
+

4. Wood

This QBasic program creates a visually appealing simulation of a wood @@ -622,8 +622,8 @@ exitKey$ = INPUT$(1)

-
-

5. Yellow flame

+
+

5. Yellow flame

"Yellow Flame" is a visually captivating program written in QBasic @@ -702,7 +702,7 @@ userInput$ = INPUT$(1)

-

Created: 2025-07-29 ti 17:31

+

Created: 2025-07-30 ke 01:27

Validate

diff --git a/3D GFX/3D Synthezier/doc/index.html b/3D GFX/3D Synthezier/doc/index.html index c1b6b97..3c57508 100644 --- a/3D GFX/3D Synthezier/doc/index.html +++ b/3D GFX/3D Synthezier/doc/index.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> - + 3D Synthezier @@ -1103,39 +1103,39 @@ hsAddReviewPanels();

Table of Contents

@@ -1157,8 +1157,8 @@ hsAddReviewPanels(); -
-

1. Operating principle

+
+

1. Operating principle

Parses scene definition language and creates 3D world based on @@ -1221,60 +1221,60 @@ They were produced by importing generated -

1.1. Rectangular city

+
+

1.1. Rectangular city

-
+

rectangular city, 1.jpeg

-
+

rectangular city, 2.jpeg

-
+

rectangular city, 3.jpeg

-
-

1.2. Hexagonal city

+
+

1.2. Hexagonal city

-
+

hexagonal city, 1.jpeg

-
+

hexagonal city, 2.jpeg

-
+

hexagonal city, 3.jpeg

-
-

2. Scene description language

+
+

2. Scene description language

See also examples.

-
-

2.1. here

+
+

2.1. here

 here
@@ -1285,8 +1285,8 @@ defines new segment
 

-
-

2.2. p

+
+

2.2. p

 p  x y z
@@ -1297,8 +1297,8 @@ defines new point
 

-
-

2.3. f

+
+

2.3. f

 f  p1 p2 p3 p4
@@ -1309,8 +1309,8 @@ defines new polygon,  p4  may be unused
 

-
-

2.4. warn

+
+

2.4. warn

 warn  <message>
@@ -1321,8 +1321,8 @@ displays warning message, and wait for key
 

-
-

2.5. end

+
+

2.5. end

 end
@@ -1333,8 +1333,8 @@ terminates parser
 

-
-

2.6. mtl

+
+

2.6. mtl

 mtl  material
@@ -1345,8 +1345,8 @@ selects material
 

-
-

2.7. mtlrnd

+
+

2.7. mtlrnd

 mtlrnd  material ...
@@ -1357,8 +1357,8 @@ selects random material from list
 

-
-

2.8. obj

+
+

2.8. obj

 obj  object xz45 xy20 x+3 y*2
@@ -1373,14 +1373,14 @@ directly from file, and not chached, to allow loading of greater than
 

-
+

rotation.png

-
-

2.9. rnd

+
+

2.9. rnd

 rnd  p^1^2^3 p^7^2^1
@@ -1391,8 +1391,8 @@ select random command to execute, ^ will be converted to spaces.
 

-
-

2.10. #

+
+

2.10. #

 # whatever text
@@ -1403,8 +1403,8 @@ comment
 

-
-

2.11. out

+
+

2.11. out

 out  file
@@ -1415,8 +1415,8 @@ specify output file name, must be first command
 

-
-

2.12. set

+
+

2.12. set

 set  variable  contents
@@ -1428,8 +1428,8 @@ string. max variables is 100. first is 0.
 

-
-

2.13. variables usage

+
+

2.13. variables usage

 anycommand %1 anything
@@ -1440,8 +1440,8 @@ inserts variable 1 contents info line
 

-
-

2.14. cmp

+
+

2.14. cmp

 cmp  flag string1 string2
@@ -1452,8 +1452,8 @@ compares strings, and inserts TRUE to flag, if they are equal, else inserts FALS
 

-
-

2.15. ?

+
+

2.15. ?

 ?flag anycommand
@@ -1468,8 +1468,8 @@ exapmle: ?3 obj car z*2 xy45
 

-
-

2.16. dum

+
+

2.16. dum

 dum
@@ -1482,16 +1482,16 @@ dummy function, does notheing
 
-
-

3. Installation

+
+

3. Installation

Edit bin/3dparse.bas file and update include path in there.

-
-

3.1. System requirements

+
+

3.1. System requirements

@@ -1522,8 +1522,8 @@ Edit bin/3dparse.bas file and update include path in there. -
-

3.2. Directory layout

+
+

3.2. Directory layout

bin
@@ -1540,8 +1540,8 @@ Edit bin/3dparse.bas file and update include path in there.
-
-

4. Usage

+
+

4. Usage

Make sure you have QB binaries in your PATH. Execute @@ -1566,7 +1566,7 @@ Visualize scene with your favourite renderer.

-

Created: 2025-07-29 ti 17:32

+

Created: 2025-07-30 ke 01:28

Validate

diff --git a/3D GFX/Miscellaneous/index.html b/3D GFX/Miscellaneous/index.html index 7a61679..7b85e61 100644 --- a/3D GFX/Miscellaneous/index.html +++ b/3D GFX/Miscellaneous/index.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> - + Miscellaneous 3D graphics demos @@ -210,14 +210,14 @@

Table of Contents

@@ -238,8 +238,8 @@ } -
-

1. Rotating exclamation mark

+
+

1. Rotating exclamation mark

Wireframe 3D model of a rotating exclamation mark. @@ -258,8 +258,8 @@ Wireframe 3D model of a rotating exclamation mark.

-
-

2. 3D bouncing ball

+
+

2. 3D bouncing ball

This QBasic program creates a visually engaging 3D animation of a @@ -280,8 +280,8 @@ of early computer graphics techniques.

-
-

3. 3D text in a room

+
+

3. 3D text in a room

Wireframe 3D text hanging in a wireframe 3D room. User can look and @@ -301,8 +301,8 @@ fly around in all directions.

-
-

4. 3D bouncing cubes on grid floor

+
+

4. 3D bouncing cubes on grid floor

3D wireframe cubes bouncing on a grid floor, creating an immersive and @@ -322,8 +322,8 @@ dynamic visual effect.

-
-

5. Matrix math for rotation in 3D space

+
+

5. Matrix math for rotation in 3D space

Instead of combining simple 2D rotors, pixels in this 3D space are @@ -343,8 +343,8 @@ rotated by using matrix multiplications.

-
-

6. Maze explorer

+
+

6. Maze explorer

The Evolving 3D Maze Explorer is a QBasic program that generates and @@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ changes as they navigate through it.

-
+

Maze%20explorer.png

@@ -366,8 +366,8 @@ changes as they navigate through it.
-
-

7. Tank animation

+
+

7. Tank animation

Animated tank driving through the bridge back and forward. User can @@ -387,8 +387,8 @@ look and fly around in all directions.

-
-

8. Tiled room

+
+

8. Tiled room

Room with some tiles on the wall and on the floor. User can freely fly @@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ around.

-

Created: 2025-07-29 ti 17:32

+

Created: 2025-07-30 ke 01:28

Validate

diff --git a/3D GFX/Space/index.html b/3D GFX/Space/index.html index d3444ee..b4d79a4 100644 --- a/3D GFX/Space/index.html +++ b/3D GFX/Space/index.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> - + Space themed 3D graphics @@ -210,10 +210,10 @@

Table of Contents

@@ -234,8 +234,8 @@ } -
-

1. Galaxy explorer

+
+

1. Galaxy explorer

This QBasic program renders a navigable 3D point cloud galaxy, @@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ galaxy with stars distributed in a spiral pattern.

-
+

Galaxy%20explorer.png

@@ -256,8 +256,8 @@ galaxy with stars distributed in a spiral pattern.
-
-

2. Rocket simulator

+
+

2. Rocket simulator

QBasic program that simulates the takeoff and flight of a rocket from @@ -279,8 +279,8 @@ observe the rocket's trajectory from various angles.

-
-

3. Stars

+
+

3. Stars

The 3D Starfield Simulation is a QBasic program that creates a @@ -320,8 +320,8 @@ based on its distance, with closer stars appearing brighter.

-
-

4. Universe explorer

+
+

4. Universe explorer

This QBasic program that simulates a navigable 3D universe. Users can @@ -358,19 +358,19 @@ limiting the number of rendered objects based on distance. -

+

1.png

-
+

2.png

-
+

3.png

@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ limiting the number of rendered objects based on distance.
-

Created: 2025-07-29 ti 17:32

+

Created: 2025-07-30 ke 01:28

Validate

diff --git a/Math/Plotting/index.html b/Math/Plotting/index.html index b4d8be5..13be060 100644 --- a/Math/Plotting/index.html +++ b/Math/Plotting/index.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> - + Plotting @@ -210,10 +210,10 @@

Table of Contents

@@ -234,8 +234,8 @@ } -
-

1. 2D graph

+
+

1. 2D graph

The 2D Graph Plotter is a simple yet effective program written in @@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ based on a user-defined mathematical function.

-
+

2D%20graph%20plot.png

@@ -262,8 +262,8 @@ based on a user-defined mathematical function.
-
-

2. 3D graph

+
+

2. 3D graph

The 3D Heightmap Explorer is a QBasic program designed to visualize @@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ grid.

-
+

3D%20graph.png

@@ -310,8 +310,8 @@ grid.
-
-

3. Deriviative calculator

+
+

3. Deriviative calculator

This QBasic program is designed to compute and plot an arbitrary @@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ visualized.

-
+

Deriviative%20calculator.png

@@ -335,8 +335,8 @@ visualized.
-
-

4. Sine and cosine table

+
+

4. Sine and cosine table

The SIN & COS Table Generator is a QBasic program designed to visually @@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ visual representation of these fundamental trigonometric functions.

-
+

Sine%20and%20cosine%20table.png

@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ visual representation of these fundamental trigonometric functions.
-

Created: 2025-07-29 ti 17:33

+

Created: 2025-07-30 ke 01:28

Validate

diff --git a/Math/Simulation/index.html b/Math/Simulation/index.html index 46fbb93..9bf6f7a 100644 --- a/Math/Simulation/index.html +++ b/Math/Simulation/index.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> - + Simulation @@ -210,14 +210,14 @@

Table of Contents

@@ -238,8 +238,8 @@ } -
-

1. Explosion simulator

+
+

1. Explosion simulator

This QBasic program simulates the propagation of shock waves in a gas @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ conditions by setting velocities to zero at wall boundaries.

-
+

Explosion%20simulator.png

@@ -276,8 +276,8 @@ conditions by setting velocities to zero at wall boundaries.
-
-

2. Gravity in 2D

+
+

2. Gravity in 2D

The Gravitation Simulation program is a simple yet insightful QBasic @@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ educational tool for understanding basic orbital mechanics.

-
+

Gravity%20in%202D.png

@@ -300,8 +300,8 @@ educational tool for understanding basic orbital mechanics.
-
-

3. Gravity in 3D

+
+

3. Gravity in 3D

This QBasic program simulates the gravitational interactions between @@ -335,8 +335,8 @@ will reach stable configuration.

-
-

4. Interference

+
+

4. Interference

This QBasic program simulates the interference pattern created by two @@ -364,8 +364,8 @@ displayed as a third waveform.

-
-

5. Interferogram

+
+

5. Interferogram

This QBasic program simulates the interference pattern created by @@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ used in physics and engineering to analyze wave interactions.

-
+

Interferogram.png

@@ -386,8 +386,8 @@ used in physics and engineering to analyze wave interactions.
-
-

6. Surface tension

+
+

6. Surface tension

This QBasic program simulates the behavior of water spills and the @@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ water cell if surrounded by a high density of water cells.

-
+

Surface%20tension.png

@@ -422,8 +422,8 @@ water cell if surrounded by a high density of water cells.
-
-

7. Wave 1

+
+

7. Wave 1

This QBasic program simulates the propagation of waves across a @@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ loss.

-
+

Wave%201.png

@@ -450,8 +450,8 @@ loss.
-
-

8. Wave 2

+
+

8. Wave 2

This QBasic program simulates and visualizes the behavior of water @@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ understanding wave mechanics.

-
+

Wave%202.png

@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ understanding wave mechanics.
-

Created: 2025-07-29 ti 17:33

+

Created: 2025-07-30 ke 01:29

Validate

diff --git a/Math/Truth table/index.html b/Math/Truth table/index.html index a993d50..27ee4b5 100644 --- a/Math/Truth table/index.html +++ b/Math/Truth table/index.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> - + Truth table calculator @@ -1103,20 +1103,20 @@ hsAddReviewPanels();

Table of Contents

@@ -1133,12 +1133,12 @@ the input variables, with the corresponding output value. Truth tables are cruci designing and understanding digital circuits, Boolean algebra, and logical expressions.

-
-

1. Implemented logical operations

+
+

1. Implemented logical operations

-
-

1.1. Equivalent ( ⇔ , 1 )

+
+

1.1. Equivalent ( ⇔ , 1 )

The equivalent operation, also known as logical biconditional, is true if and only if @@ -1196,8 +1196,8 @@ Truth Table:

-
-

1.2. Implies ( ⇒ , 2 )

+
+

1.2. Implies ( ⇒ , 2 )

An implication asserts that if the first proposition is true, the @@ -1255,8 +1255,8 @@ Truth table:

-
-

1.3. OR ( ∨ , 3 )

+
+

1.3. OR ( ∨ , 3 )

The OR operation, also known as logical disjunction, is true if at @@ -1314,8 +1314,8 @@ Truth table:

-
-

1.4. AND ( ∧ , 4 )

+
+

1.4. AND ( ∧ , 4 )

The AND operation, also known as logical conjunction, is true if and @@ -1372,8 +1372,8 @@ Truth table:

-
-

1.5. NOT ( ¬ , 5 )

+
+

1.5. NOT ( ¬ , 5 )

The NOT operation, also known as logical negation, inverts the value @@ -1414,12 +1414,12 @@ Truth Table:

-
-

2. Examples

+
+

2. Examples

-
-

2.1. Example: (A ∧ B) ∨ ¬C

+
+

2.1. Example: (A ∧ B) ∨ ¬C

@@ -1502,8 +1502,8 @@ Truth Table: -
-

2.2. Example: A ⇒ (B ∨ ¬C)

+
+

2.2. Example: A ⇒ (B ∨ ¬C)

@@ -1586,8 +1586,8 @@ Truth Table: -
-

2.3. Example: (A ⇔ B) ∧ C

+
+

2.3. Example: (A ⇔ B) ∧ C

Truth Table: @@ -1676,7 +1676,7 @@ Truth Table:

-

Created: 2025-07-29 ti 17:34

+

Created: 2025-07-30 ke 01:30

Validate

diff --git a/Miscellaneous/4D engine/qeng.bas b/Miscellaneous/4D engine.bas similarity index 100% rename from Miscellaneous/4D engine/qeng.bas rename to Miscellaneous/4D engine.bas diff --git a/Miscellaneous/4D engine/sshot.png b/Miscellaneous/4D engine.png similarity index 100% rename from Miscellaneous/4D engine/sshot.png rename to Miscellaneous/4D engine.png diff --git a/Miscellaneous/4D engine/index.html b/Miscellaneous/4D engine/index.html deleted file mode 100644 index 67998b4..0000000 --- a/Miscellaneous/4D engine/index.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ - -4D engine - - - -

4D engine

-
-
-Implementation of 4 dimensional (4D) engine. -It's like 3D but with additional extra dimension. - -It's possible to define objects from 4D polygons. -In 4D world minimum amount of points to define 4D -shape is 5. Each point will be defined by 4 coordinates (X, Y, Z, Q). - -You can rotate object around any axis -(4D world has 6 rotation axes!) -Program allows you to move along any dimension. - -
- - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Miscellaneous/alarm 1.bas b/Miscellaneous/Alarm 1.bas similarity index 100% rename from Miscellaneous/alarm 1.bas rename to Miscellaneous/Alarm 1.bas diff --git a/Miscellaneous/alarm 1.mp3 b/Miscellaneous/Alarm 1.mp3 similarity index 100% rename from Miscellaneous/alarm 1.mp3 rename to Miscellaneous/Alarm 1.mp3 diff --git a/Miscellaneous/alarm 2.bas b/Miscellaneous/Alarm 2.bas similarity index 100% rename from Miscellaneous/alarm 2.bas rename to Miscellaneous/Alarm 2.bas diff --git a/Miscellaneous/alarm 2.mp3 b/Miscellaneous/Alarm 2.mp3 similarity index 100% rename from Miscellaneous/alarm 2.mp3 rename to Miscellaneous/Alarm 2.mp3 diff --git a/Miscellaneous/Mouse driver/index.html b/Miscellaneous/Mouse driver/index.html index 6f5af43..3e67a5a 100644 --- a/Miscellaneous/Mouse driver/index.html +++ b/Miscellaneous/Mouse driver/index.html @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> - + Mouse driver for QBasic programs @@ -210,37 +210,63 @@

Table of Contents

-
-

1. Overview

+
+

1. Overview

QBasic, a popular programming language in the DOS era, lacks native mouse support. This limitation can be a hurdle for developers looking to create interactive applications. To bridge this gap, I developed a -solution that involves a Terminate and Stay Resident (TSR) program -written in x86 assembly and a QBasic demonstration program. +workaround that allows QBasic to use mouse input. +

+
+
+ +
+

2. High-level idea

+
+

+Workaround to access mouse involves a Terminate and Stay Resident +(TSR) program written in x86 assembly. This TSR program must be +started before running QBasic program that depends on mouse. This TSR +program hooks into the system's interrupt mechanism, specifically the +timer interrupt (IRQ 0), allowing it to regularly check for mouse +activity several times per second.

+

+When this timer interrupt triggers, the TSR reads the latest mouse's +horizontal and vertical movements and button states using mouse +interrupts. This data is then stored in a dedicated memory location — +a data table within the TSR's memory space. The TSR uses interrupt 79h +as a pointer to this data table, making it accessible to other +programs, including the QBasic application. +

-The solution comprises two main components: +While QBasic originally is not able to read mouse, it is able to read +(and write) arbitrary location in system RAM. The QBasic demonstration +program begins by retrieving the address of the TSR mouse data table +from the interrupt vector table using interrupt 79h. By checking a +predefined magic number (1983) in the data table, the program confirms +that the mouse driver is loaded. Once verified, the QBasic program +continuously reads mouse data from this shared memory location, while +TSR keeps updating it with latest mouse state simultaneously.

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1.1. Terminate and Stay Resident module

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3. Terminate and Stay Resident module

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A DOS TSR program that hooks into the system's interrupt mechanism to regularly read mouse input and store it in a dedicated memory @@ -258,9 +284,9 @@ Files:

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1.2. QBasic demonstration program

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4. QBasic demonstration program

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A QBasic program that reads mouse data from the memory location populated by the TSR and demonstrates mouse movement and button @@ -269,7 +295,7 @@ clicks. -

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screenshot.png

@@ -280,9 +306,8 @@ clicks.
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Created: 2025-07-29 ti 17:34

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Created: 2025-07-30 ke 01:30

Validate

diff --git a/Miscellaneous/Mouse driver/index.org b/Miscellaneous/Mouse driver/index.org index 338e706..e87e35a 100644 --- a/Miscellaneous/Mouse driver/index.org +++ b/Miscellaneous/Mouse driver/index.org @@ -50,6 +50,27 @@ Files: - [[file:qbext.com][qbext.com - binary COM executable for DOS]] +Here is the detailed technical specification for an in-memory table +used to exchange mouse coordinates between a TSR program and a QBasic +program. + +| Offset | Size (bytes) | Description | +|--------+--------------+-------------------------| +| 0x00 | 2 | Magic Number (1983) | +| 0x02 | 2 | Horizontal Movement (X) | +| 0x04 | 2 | Vertical Movement (Y) | +| 0x06 | 2 | Button Status | +| 0x08 | 1 | Update counter | + +- Update counter :: Signals to the QBasic program that new mouse data + is available in the shared memory table. It ensures that the QBasic + program only reads fresh data and avoids processing outdated or + repeated data. When the TSR updates the mouse data, it increments + this flag by 1 to signal the QBasic program that new data is + available. QBasic can compare this number against last retrieved + value. If value has been increased, then there had been update + meanwhile. + * QBasic demonstration program A QBasic program that reads mouse data from the memory location @@ -62,3 +83,8 @@ clicks. [[file:mousedrv.bas][file:screenshot.png]] [[file:mousedrv.bas][mousedrv.bas - source code]] + +Here are more practical examples where this mouse driver is being +used: Within [[https://www3.svjatoslav.eu/projects/qbasicapps/3D%20GFX/Space/index.html][Space themed 3D graphics]], see: +- Galaxy explorer +- Universe explorer diff --git a/index.org b/index.org index 6995bad..fda7e27 100644 --- a/index.org +++ b/index.org @@ -247,8 +247,7 @@ filled with colors that alternate to create a checkerboard pattern.
#+end_export - -[[file:3D%20GFX/3D%20land.bas][3D land.bas]] +Download source code: [[file:3D%20GFX/3D%20land.bas][3D land.bas]] #+INCLUDE: "3D GFX/3D land.bas" src basic-qb45 @@ -475,6 +474,10 @@ patterns and trends in lottery numbers over time. The program reads data from a text file and offers multiple visualization options to help users understand the data better. +Note: In the example data there are made-up numbers and there are +repetitions in example data on-purpose. Those repeating patterns +become easily detectable in visual graphs. + #+attr_html: :class responsive-img #+attr_latex: :width 1000px [[file:Math/Lottery/Lottery%20analysis.bas][file:Math/Lottery/screenshot,%203.png]] @@ -568,6 +571,152 @@ The dithering process helps to mitigate the limitations of the #+attr_latex: :width 1000px [[file:Miscellaneous/Custom%20palette.bas][file:Miscellaneous/Custom%20palette,%203.png]] +** Alarm 1 + +This QBasic program simulates the sound of a security alarm siren. It +creates an oscillating sound effect by varying the frequency of the +primary tone, mimicking the familiar rise-and-fall pattern of a siren. + +The program works by initializing a frequency variable and playing a +primary oscillating tone alongside secondary fixed-frequency +tones. This combination produces a realistic alarm sound. The +frequency of the primary tone increases and decreases within set +thresholds, controlled by conditional checks and loops. + +#+begin_export html +
+ +
+#+end_export + +#+INCLUDE: "Miscellaneous/Alarm 1.bas" src basic-qb45 + +Download source code: [[file:Miscellaneous/Alarm,%201.bas][Alarm 1.bas]] + +** Alarm 2 + +This QBasic program generates a security alarm sound effect by +alternating between two distinct audio patterns. The first pattern +features an ascending sweep of frequencies from 100 Hz to 1000 Hz, +paired with a counterpoint tone that decreases in frequency. The +second pattern involves a descending sweep from 1000 Hz back to 100 +Hz, enhanced with a harmonic overtone to create a richer sound +texture. + +#+begin_export html +
+ +
+#+end_export + +#+INCLUDE: "Miscellaneous/Alarm 2.bas" src basic-qb45 + +Download source code: [[file:Miscellaneous/Alarm,%202.bas][Alarm 2.bas]] + +** 4D engine + +Implementation of 4 dimensional (4D) engine. It's like 3D (X, Y, Z) +but with additional extra dimension that I decided to call Q. + +*** Polygon -> Tetrahedron -> Pentatope + +- In 2D world you can have polygon. It takes 3 vertices (points) to + define. It is the minimal object in 2D world to have surface. + +- In 3D world you can have tetrahedron. It takes 4 vertices to + define. It is the minimal object in 3D world to have volume. + +- In 4D world you can have 5-cell (aka. pentatope). It takes 5 + vertices to define. It is the minimal object in 4D world to have + hypervolume (aka. 4D volume). + + +*** Planes or rotation in 3D world vs 4D world + +In 3D space, the planes of rotation correspond to rotations around the +three principal axes, and they are as follows: + +- The yz-plane, corresponding to rotation around the x-axis. +- The xz-plane, corresponding to rotation around the y-axis. +- The xy-plane, corresponding to rotation around the z-axis. + + +In 4D space, there are six possible planes of rotation, which can be +described by the combinations of two axes out of four. These are: + +- The yz-plane (same as in 3D space) +- The xz-plane (same as in 3D space) +- The xy-plane (same as in 3D space) +- The xq-plane (novel plane) +- The yq-plane (novel plane) +- The zq-plane (novel plane) + +*** Representing higher-dimensional objects through lower-dimensional slices + +The concept of representing higher-dimensional objects through +lower-dimensional slices involves taking cross-sections along one +dimension and viewing the resulting shapes. + +Here’s how it applies to both 3D to 2D and 4D to 3D representations: + +- *Representing a 3D Shape in 2D*: + - A 3D object can be represented as a series of 2D slices by taking + cross-sections along one axis (e.g., the z-axis). Each slice is a + flat, 2D shape that corresponds to the intersection of the 3D + object with a plane at a particular position along that axis. + - By stacking these 2D slices together in sequence, you can + reconstruct the 3D object. This method is akin to how CT scans + create images of the inside of a body by combining multiple + cross-sectional X-ray images. + +- *Representing a 4D Object in 3D*: + - Similarly, a 4D object can be represented in 3D space by taking + cross-sections along the fourth dimension. Each cross-section is a + 3D shape that represents the intersection of the 4D object with a + hyperplane at a particular position along the fourth axis (e.g., + Q-axis). + - By viewing these 3D slices in sequence, you can form an idea of + the structure and shape of the 4D object. This process allows us + to visualize a 4D object by observing how the 3D cross-sections + change over the fourth dimension. + +In both cases, the method of "slicing" allows us to understand and +visualize objects in dimensions that we cannot directly perceive, by +breaking them down into more manageable and comprehensible +lower-dimensional pieces. + +*** Implementation + +Current 4D engine renders single pentatope. Each pentatope vertex is +defined by 4 coordinates within 4D space:X, Y, Z, Q. + +You can rotate pentatope around any plane in 4D space (all 6 are +supported). Also you as a viewer can move around any axis in 4D space +(all 4 are supported). + +4D pentatope is shown on a screen as a series of 3D slices with +varying brightness along the new Q axis. + +Wireframe rendering is quite useful in this case because it allows to +see multiple overlayed 3D shapes at the same time. + +#+attr_html: :class responsive-img +#+attr_latex: :width 1000px +[[file:Miscellaneous/4D%20engine.bas][file:Miscellaneous/4D%20engine.png]] + +It is interesting how 3D slices of 4D pentatope stay as familiar +tetrahedrons while you rotate the shape along familiar X,Y,Z axis. But +shape starts changing in weird ways when you start rotating it along +novel planes of 4D space. + +Download source code: [[file:Miscellaneous/4D%20engine.bas][4D engine.bas]] + * Download ** Getting the source code -- 2.20.1