From 1febdf02873ad1e3ee1c45c5bd4c14f7f2bee7c8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Svjatoslav Agejenko <svjatoslav@svjatoslav.eu>
Date: Sun, 21 Jul 2024 06:03:07 +0300
Subject: [PATCH] Use AI to improve tutorials

---
 QBasic tutorial/group1/00.bas | 16 +++++++----
 QBasic tutorial/group1/01.bas | 35 +++++++++++++++--------
 QBasic tutorial/group1/02.bas | 31 ++++++++++++++-------
 QBasic tutorial/group1/03.bas | 37 +++++++++++++++++++------
 QBasic tutorial/group1/04.bas | 22 +++++++++++----
 QBasic tutorial/group1/05.bas | 40 +++++++++++++++++----------
 QBasic tutorial/group1/06.bas | 31 +++++++++++++++------
 QBasic tutorial/group1/07.bas | 18 ++++++++----
 QBasic tutorial/group1/08.bas | 30 +++++++++++++++-----
 QBasic tutorial/group1/09.bas | 22 +++++++++++----
 QBasic tutorial/group1/10.bas | 26 +++++++++++++-----
 QBasic tutorial/group1/11.bas | 43 ++++++++++++++++++-----------
 QBasic tutorial/group1/12.bas | 39 ++++++++++++++++----------
 QBasic tutorial/group1/13.bas | 25 +++++++++++++----
 QBasic tutorial/group1/14.bas | 14 ----------
 QBasic tutorial/group1/15.bas | 20 ++++++++------
 QBasic tutorial/group1/16.bas | 52 +++++++++++++++++++++++------------
 QBasic tutorial/group1/17.bas | 43 +++++++++++++++++++++--------
 QBasic tutorial/group1/18.bas | 49 +++++++++++++++++++++------------
 QBasic tutorial/group1/19.bas | 37 ++++++++++++++++++-------
 20 files changed, 424 insertions(+), 206 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100755 QBasic tutorial/group1/14.bas

diff --git a/QBasic tutorial/group1/00.bas b/QBasic tutorial/group1/00.bas
index 2c00118..fc62f12 100755
--- a/QBasic tutorial/group1/00.bas	
+++ b/QBasic tutorial/group1/00.bas	
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
-' klahv F5 programmi k„ivitamiseks
-' klavisha F5 dlja zapuska programmx
-' press F5 to run program
-
-PRINT "Hello world!"
-
+' This program demonstrates a basic "Hello World" example in QuickBasic.
+' It is designed to be simple and easy to understand for novice programmers.
+
+' The following line prints a greeting message to the console.
+PRINT "Hello world!"
+
+' When you run this program, it will output the string "Hello world!" to the screen.
+' This is a traditional first step in learning any new programming language.
+
+' To execute this program, press F5 while in the QuickBasic editor environment.
diff --git a/QBasic tutorial/group1/01.bas b/QBasic tutorial/group1/01.bas
index 0665a5e..0760259 100755
--- a/QBasic tutorial/group1/01.bas	
+++ b/QBasic tutorial/group1/01.bas	
@@ -1,11 +1,24 @@
-CLS
-
-a = 3
-PRINT a
-
-a = a * 2
-PRINT a
-
-a = a - 1
-PRINT a
-
+' This QuickBasic program demonstrates basic arithmetic operations
+' and the use of variables. It will perform a series of calculations
+' on a single variable and print the results after each operation.
+
+CLS ' Clears the screen to provide a clean output area
+
+' Initialize a variable with the value 3
+DIM initialValue AS INTEGER
+initialValue = 3
+
+' Print the current value of initialValue
+PRINT "The initial value is: "; initialValue
+
+' Perform multiplication and assign the result back to initialValue
+initialValue = initialValue * 2
+
+' Print the new value after multiplication
+PRINT "After doubling, the value is: "; initialValue
+
+' Perform subtraction and decrease initialValue by 1
+initialValue = initialValue - 1
+
+' Print the final value after subtraction
+PRINT "After decrementing by 1, the value is: "; initialValue
diff --git a/QBasic tutorial/group1/02.bas b/QBasic tutorial/group1/02.bas
index 3a355d5..ccf5019 100755
--- a/QBasic tutorial/group1/02.bas	
+++ b/QBasic tutorial/group1/02.bas	
@@ -1,10 +1,21 @@
-CLS
-
-a = 7
-
-PRINT "A contains:"; a
-
-PRINT "Some calculations:"; (a + 2.1234) / 3 * 4 - 6
-
-
-
+' This program demonstrates basic arithmetic operations in QuickBasic
+
+CLS ' Clears the screen to provide a clean output area
+
+' Declare a variable 'a' and assign it the value of 7
+DIM a AS INTEGER
+a = 7
+
+' Print the current value of 'a' to the console
+PRINT "The value contained in variable 'a' is: "; a
+
+' Perform a series of arithmetic operations on the value of 'a'
+' and print the result
+PRINT "Performing some calculations with 'a':";
+PRINT (a + 2.1234) / 3 * 4 - 6
+
+' Explanation of the calculation:
+' 1. Add 2.1234 to 'a'
+' 2. Divide the result by 3
+' 3. Multiply the new result by 4
+' 4. Subtract 6 from the final result
diff --git a/QBasic tutorial/group1/03.bas b/QBasic tutorial/group1/03.bas
index ce81d2e..6f6cebe 100755
--- a/QBasic tutorial/group1/03.bas	
+++ b/QBasic tutorial/group1/03.bas	
@@ -1,15 +1,34 @@
-CLS                                     ' this command clears the screen
+' This program demonstrates how to use semicolon and comma as separators
+' in PRINT statements within Microsoft QuickBasic.
+
+CLS ' Clears the screen before starting the program
+
+' Semicolon Separator Example
+
+' The semicolon is used to print multiple items on the same line, without
+' advancing to a new line after each item. It is useful for formatting output
+' in a single line of text.
 
 PRINT "Semicolon separator:"
-PRINT 12; 314; 122; 1; 43
-PRINT 312; 4; 1; 3111; 3
-PRINT 3; 2344; 12231; 1; 12333
+PRINT 12; 314; 122; 1; 43      ' Prints numbers separated by semicolons on the same line
+PRINT 312; 4; 1; 3111; 3       ' Continues printing more numbers on the next line
+PRINT 3; 2344; 12231; 1; 12333 ' Final set of numbers printed on the last line
 
-PRINT                                   ' prints empty lines
-PRINT
+' Print an empty line for better readability
+PRINT ' This statement prints an empty line to separate different sections
+
+' Comma Separator Example
+
+' The comma is used as a separator in PRINT statements to print multiple items,
+' each followed by a space and advancing to the next tab column (default is 14
+' characters apart). If there are more items than columns, it will start
+' a new line.
 
 PRINT "Comma separator:"
-PRINT 12, 314, 122, 1, 43
-PRINT 312, 4, 1, 3111, 3
-PRINT 3, 2344, 12231, 1, 12333
+PRINT 12, 314, 122, 1, 43      ' Prints numbers separated by commas, with spacing
+PRINT 312, 4, 1, 3111, 3       ' Numbers are printed in tabular form
+PRINT 3, 2344, 12231, 1, 12333 ' Continues the tabular output
+
+' End of program
+END ' This statement marks the end of the QuickBasic program
 
diff --git a/QBasic tutorial/group1/04.bas b/QBasic tutorial/group1/04.bas
index c65fd76..dd1a43d 100755
--- a/QBasic tutorial/group1/04.bas	
+++ b/QBasic tutorial/group1/04.bas	
@@ -1,5 +1,17 @@
-INPUT "Please enter a number:", num
-
-
-PRINT "You entered:"; num
-
+' This program prompts the user to enter a number and then prints that number back to the screen.
+' It demonstrates basic input/output operations in QuickBasic.
+
+DEFINT A-Z ' Declare all variables as integers for simplicity
+
+' Declare a variable to store the user's input
+DIM num AS INTEGER
+
+' Use the INPUT statement to prompt the user and read their input
+PRINT "Please enter a number:";
+INPUT num
+
+' Print a message to the screen along with the entered number
+PRINT "You entered: "; num
+
+' End of program
+END
diff --git a/QBasic tutorial/group1/05.bas b/QBasic tutorial/group1/05.bas
index 89320b0..5d56b0c 100755
--- a/QBasic tutorial/group1/05.bas	
+++ b/QBasic tutorial/group1/05.bas	
@@ -1,14 +1,26 @@
-PRINT "**** Quess a number game ****"
-
-1
-INPUT "enter a number:", n
-
-IF n = 5 THEN GOTO 2
-IF n < 5 THEN PRINT "try a bigger number"
-IF n > 5 THEN PRINT "try a smaller number"
-
-GOTO 1
-
-2
-PRINT "Correct!!!"
-
+REM **** Guess a Number Game ****
+
+DEFINT A-Z ' Define all variables as integers for performance and clarity
+
+' Main game loop
+DO
+    ' Prompt the user to enter a number
+    INPUT "Enter a number between 1 and 10: "; guess
+
+    ' Check if the user guessed the correct number
+    IF guess = 5 THEN
+        ' If the guess is correct, congratulate the user and exit the loop
+        PRINT "Correct!!! You've guessed the secret number."
+        EXIT DO
+    ELSEIF guess < 5 THEN
+        ' If the guess is too low, prompt the user to try a higher number
+        PRINT "Try a bigger number."
+    ELSEIF guess > 5 THEN
+        ' If the guess is too high, prompt the user to try a lower number
+        PRINT "Try a smaller number."
+    END IF
+LOOP
+
+' End of the program
+PRINT "Thank you for playing! Goodbye."
+END
diff --git a/QBasic tutorial/group1/06.bas b/QBasic tutorial/group1/06.bas
index b0d2965..4237cf8 100755
--- a/QBasic tutorial/group1/06.bas	
+++ b/QBasic tutorial/group1/06.bas	
@@ -1,9 +1,22 @@
-CLS
-
-1
-
-a = a + 1
-PRINT "current:"; a
-
-IF a < 10 THEN GOTO 1
-
+CLS ' Clear the screen
+
+' This program demonstrates a simple counting loop in QuickBasic.
+' It will print the current value of 'a' and increment it by 1 each time.
+' The loop continues until 'a' is no longer less than 10.
+
+DIM a AS INTEGER ' Declare variable 'a' as an integer
+
+' Initialize the counter variable 'a' to start at 1
+a = 1
+
+' Start of the counting loop
+DO WHILE a < 10
+    ' Print the current value of 'a' with a label
+    PRINT "current:"; a
+
+    ' Increment 'a' by 1
+    a = a + 1
+LOOP
+
+' The program will end after the loop finishes
+END
diff --git a/QBasic tutorial/group1/07.bas b/QBasic tutorial/group1/07.bas
index 1fa3b1b..9bb214b 100755
--- a/QBasic tutorial/group1/07.bas	
+++ b/QBasic tutorial/group1/07.bas	
@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
-CLS
-
-FOR i = 1 TO 10
-  PRINT "current:"; i
-NEXT i
-
+' This program demonstrates a simple FOR loop in Microsoft QuickBasic
+
+CLS ' Clears the screen, preparing it for output
+
+' We are about to use a FOR loop to print numbers from 1 to 10
+FOR i = 1 TO 10 ' Initialize a counter variable 'i' starting at 1
+    ' For each iteration of the loop, print the current value of 'i'
+    PRINT "current: "; i ' Outputs the message with the current number
+NEXT i ' Increment 'i' by 1 and repeat the loop until 'i' is no longer less than or equal to 10
+
+' The program has now finished executing and will end
+END ' This marks the end of the QuickBasic program
diff --git a/QBasic tutorial/group1/08.bas b/QBasic tutorial/group1/08.bas
index 5f7a62c..8df64b6 100755
--- a/QBasic tutorial/group1/08.bas	
+++ b/QBasic tutorial/group1/08.bas	
@@ -1,7 +1,23 @@
-CLS
-
-FOR i = 100 TO 1000 STEP 50
-  PRINT "current:"; i
-  SOUND i, 1                            ' makes sound  <frequency, length>
-NEXT i
-
+' This program demonstrates how to use a FOR loop and the SOUND statement
+' in QuickBasic. It plays a series of tones at increasing frequencies
+' from 100 Hz to 1000 Hz, in steps of 50 Hz, with each tone lasting for
+' one duration unit as defined by the SOUND statement.
+
+CLS ' Clears the screen before starting the program
+
+' Initialize the frequency variable to the starting value
+LET frequency = 100
+
+' Loop from the initial frequency (100 Hz) to the maximum frequency (1000 Hz),
+' increasing by 50 Hz on each iteration
+FOR frequency = 100 TO 1000 STEP 50
+    ' Print the current frequency value to the console
+    PRINT "Current Frequency:"; frequency; " Hz"
+
+    ' Play a sound at the specified frequency and duration
+    ' The SOUND statement takes two arguments: frequency and duration
+    SOUND frequency, 1 ' The duration is set to 1 (shortest possible sound)
+NEXT frequency
+
+' End of program execution
+END
diff --git a/QBasic tutorial/group1/09.bas b/QBasic tutorial/group1/09.bas
index ca603a7..1b96f04 100755
--- a/QBasic tutorial/group1/09.bas	
+++ b/QBasic tutorial/group1/09.bas	
@@ -1,10 +1,22 @@
-CLS
+REM This program demonstrates how to generate random numbers
+REM and use them to create sound effects in QuickBasic.
 
-FOR i = 1 TO 20
+CLS ' Clear the screen before starting the program
 
-   n = RND * 1000                ' generate random numbers 0 -- 999.9(9)
-   PRINT "random number:"; n
-   SOUND n + 40, 1
+' Define constants for the range of random numbers
+FOR i = 1 TO 20 ' Loop 20 times to generate and play 20 random sounds
+    ' Generate a random floating-point number between LOWER_BOUND and UPPER_BOUND
+    n = RND * 1000
+    ' Print the generated random number to the screen
+    PRINT "Random number: "; n
+
+    ' Play a sound with a frequency based on the random number
+    ' The QuickBasic SOUND statement takes two arguments: frequency and duration
+    ' We add 40 to the random number to shift the frequency range
+    ' so that it is more audible
+    SOUND n + 40, 1 ' Play the sound for a short duration (1/89th of a second)
 
 NEXT i
 
+END ' End the program
+
diff --git a/QBasic tutorial/group1/10.bas b/QBasic tutorial/group1/10.bas
index 4fec246..ab4120b 100755
--- a/QBasic tutorial/group1/10.bas	
+++ b/QBasic tutorial/group1/10.bas	
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-WIDTH 80, 50            ' set small text fonts
+' This example program demonstrates how to use the WIDTH and COLOR
+' statements in QuickBasic to change the text font size and text colors.
 
+' Set the text window to a smaller font size suitable for displaying
+' 50 lines of text within an 80-column width.
+WIDTH 80, 50
 
-FOR a = 0 TO 31
- 
-  COLOR a               ' set text color, each color is defined by it's number
-                        ' colors from 16 to 31 are blinking.
+' Define constants for the number of colors available in standard
+' QuickBasic color palette.
+CONST NumColors = 32
 
-  PRINT "This is text color nr."; a
+' Loop through all possible colors (0 to 31) and display a message
+' with each color to illustrate the different text color options.
+FOR colorIndex = 0 TO NumColors - 1
+    ' Set the current text color using the COLOR statement.
+    ' Colors range from 0 to 15 are solid, while colors 16 to 31
+    ' will blink slowly or quickly depending on the terminal.
+    COLOR colorIndex
 
-NEXT a
+    ' Print a message indicating which color number is currently being used.
+    ' Note that color numbers 16 and above will produce blinking text.
+    PRINT "This is text color number "; colorIndex; "."
 
+NEXT colorIndex
 
diff --git a/QBasic tutorial/group1/11.bas b/QBasic tutorial/group1/11.bas
index 2d77fe4..e6f69e6 100755
--- a/QBasic tutorial/group1/11.bas	
+++ b/QBasic tutorial/group1/11.bas	
@@ -1,16 +1,27 @@
-CLS
-
-COLOR 14
-LOCATE 1, 50            ' set cursor location to specified  <row, column>
-PRINT "Yellow text at 1, 50"
-
-COLOR 12
-LOCATE 6, 5
-PRINT "Pink text at 6, 5"
-
-COLOR 10
-LOCATE 20, 40
-PRINT "Green text at 20, 40"
-
-
-
+' This program demonstrates how to use the COLOR statement and LOCATE function
+' in Microsoft QuickBasic to change the text color and cursor position
+' on the console screen.
+
+CLS ' Clears the screen before starting
+
+' Set the text color to yellow (color code 14) and position the cursor
+' at row 1, column 50. Then print a message at that location.
+COLOR 14
+LOCATE 1, 50 ' Sets the cursor location to <row=1, column=50>
+PRINT "Yellow text at 1, 50"
+
+' Change the text color to pink (color code 12) and move the cursor
+' to row 6, column 5. Print a message with the new color and position.
+COLOR 12
+LOCATE 6, 5 ' Sets the cursor location to <row=6, column=5>
+PRINT "Pink text at 6, 5"
+
+' Update the text color to green (color code 10) and set the cursor
+' to row 20, column 40. Display a message at this new location.
+COLOR 10
+LOCATE 20, 40 ' Sets the cursor location to <row=20, column=40>
+PRINT "Green text at 20, 40"
+
+' The program finishes execution here. Users can add more statements
+' below this line to experiment with different colors and positions.
+END ' End of the program
diff --git a/QBasic tutorial/group1/12.bas b/QBasic tutorial/group1/12.bas
index 2c164e9..3aa9c36 100755
--- a/QBasic tutorial/group1/12.bas	
+++ b/QBasic tutorial/group1/12.bas	
@@ -1,15 +1,24 @@
-CLS
-
-FOR a = 1 TO 15
-  COLOR a
-  PRINT "This is a test"
-NEXT a
-
-PRINT
-
-FOR a = 1 TO 15
-  COLOR a
-  PRINT "This is a test";       ' << semicolon at the end prevents cursor
-                                ' from starting new line
-NEXT a
-
+' This program demonstrates the use of FOR loops, color manipulation,
+' and string output in QuickBasic. It also shows how to prevent the
+' cursor from moving to a new line after printing a string.
+
+CLS ' Clears the screen before starting the program
+
+' The first loop demonstrates changing text colors using the COLOR statement
+' inside a FOR loop, which iterates from 1 to 15 (the number of available
+' color attributes in QuickBasic).
+FOR ColorIndex = 1 TO 15
+    COLOR ColorIndex ' Set the current text color to the loop index
+    PRINT "This is a test" ' Print the string with the new color
+NEXT ColorIndex
+
+PRINT ' Print a blank line for better readability
+
+' The second loop does the same as the first one, but it uses a semicolon
+' at the end of the PRINT statement to prevent the cursor from moving
+' to the start of a new line after each string output. This results in
+' all strings being printed on the same line.
+FOR ColorIndex = 1 TO 15
+    COLOR ColorIndex ' Change the text color for each iteration
+    PRINT "This is a test"; ' Print the string and keep the cursor on the same line
+NEXT ColorIndex
diff --git a/QBasic tutorial/group1/13.bas b/QBasic tutorial/group1/13.bas
index 92558a8..c778556 100755
--- a/QBasic tutorial/group1/13.bas	
+++ b/QBasic tutorial/group1/13.bas	
@@ -1,6 +1,19 @@
-CLS
-
-
-PRINT 70 / 4            ' usual division
-PRINT 70 \ 4            ' division and rounding
-
+' This example QuickBasic program demonstrates the difference between
+' normal division and integer division with rounding.
+
+CLS                       ' Clears the screen to provide a clean output area
+
+' Perform normal division which results in a floating-point number
+' and print the result
+PRINT "Normal division (70 / 4):"; 70 / 4
+
+' Explain the use of backslash (\) for integer division with rounding
+' Perform integer division with rounding and print the result
+PRINT "Integer division with rounding (70 \ 4):"; 70 \ 4
+
+' Provide a brief conclusion to summarize what was demonstrated
+PRINT
+PRINT "In QuickBasic, '/' performs normal division, while '\' does integer division"
+PRINT "and rounds the result to the nearest whole number."
+
+END                       ' End of program
diff --git a/QBasic tutorial/group1/14.bas b/QBasic tutorial/group1/14.bas
deleted file mode 100755
index f42a3f1..0000000
--- a/QBasic tutorial/group1/14.bas	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-CLS
-
-FOR a = 1 TO 20
-  
-  n1 = RND * 100
-
-  n2 = INT(n1)          ' Rounds numbers towards a smaller value.
-
-  n3 = n1 \ 1           ' Mathematically correct rounding.
-
-  PRINT n1, n2, n3
-
-NEXT a
-
diff --git a/QBasic tutorial/group1/15.bas b/QBasic tutorial/group1/15.bas
index 25a0068..242c221 100755
--- a/QBasic tutorial/group1/15.bas	
+++ b/QBasic tutorial/group1/15.bas	
@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
-CLS
+' This program demonstrates the use of nested FOR loops in QuickBasic
+' to draw a simple pattern on the screen.
 
+CLS ' Clears the screen and prepares for output
 
-FOR b = 1 TO 15
- 
-  FOR a = 1 TO 60
-    PRINT "#";
-  NEXT a
-  PRINT
+' Outer loop will run 15 times, representing rows
+FOR row = 1 TO 15
 
-NEXT b
+    ' Inner loop will run 60 times, representing columns within each row
+    FOR column = 1 TO 60
+        PRINT "#"; ' Print a '#' character followed by no space to create a continuous line
+    NEXT column
 
+    ' After completing one row, print a newline character to move to the next line
+    PRINT
 
+NEXT row
 
diff --git a/QBasic tutorial/group1/16.bas b/QBasic tutorial/group1/16.bas
index b23ae87..71f1eaf 100755
--- a/QBasic tutorial/group1/16.bas	
+++ b/QBasic tutorial/group1/16.bas	
@@ -1,18 +1,34 @@
-CLS
-
-FOR b = 1 TO 10
-  FOR a = 1 TO b
-    PRINT "A";
-  NEXT a
-  PRINT
-NEXT b
-
-PRINT
-
-FOR b = 60 TO 0 STEP -8
-  FOR a = 1 TO b
-    PRINT "B";
-  NEXT a
-  PRINT
-NEXT b
-
+' QuickBasic example program to demonstrate the use of nested loops
+' and how to control the flow of a loop using the STEP keyword.
+
+CLS ' Clears the screen before starting the program
+
+' This outer loop will iterate from 1 to 10
+FOR b = 1 TO 10
+    ' The inner loop will print "A" b times, where b is the current
+    ' value of the outer loop iterator
+    FOR a = 1 TO b
+        PRINT "A"; ' Print "A" followed by a semicolon to prevent newline
+    NEXT a
+
+    ' After each inner loop iteration, print a newline to start the next line
+    PRINT
+NEXT b
+
+' Print a blank line to separate the two parts of the demonstration
+PRINT
+
+' This outer loop will iterate from 60 to 0, decrementing by 8 each time
+FOR b = 60 TO 0 STEP -8
+    ' The inner loop will print "B" b times, where b is the current
+    ' value of the outer loop iterator
+    FOR a = 1 TO b
+        PRINT "B"; ' Print "B" followed by a semicolon to prevent newline
+    NEXT a
+
+    ' After each inner loop iteration, print a newline to start the next line
+    PRINT
+NEXT b
+
+' End of the program
+END
diff --git a/QBasic tutorial/group1/17.bas b/QBasic tutorial/group1/17.bas
index bb37291..b5e5f35 100755
--- a/QBasic tutorial/group1/17.bas	
+++ b/QBasic tutorial/group1/17.bas	
@@ -1,12 +1,31 @@
-' press   CTRL + PAUSE/BREAK   to stop program.
-
-CLS
-1
-
-LOCATE 1, 1
-PRINT TIMER             ' system timer
-PRINT TIME$             ' current system time
-PRINT DATE$             ' current system date
-
-GOTO 1
-
+' This example QuickBasic program demonstrates how to use the built-in
+' timer, as well as how to display the current system time and date.
+' It also shows a simple loop structure and the use of the CLS statement
+' to clear the screen.
+
+' To stop the program, press CTRL + PAUSE/BREAK.
+
+DO
+    ' Clear the screen to provide a clean display for each iteration.
+    CLS
+
+    ' Retrieve and print the current value of the system timer.
+    ' The TIMER function returns the number of seconds that have
+    ' elapsed since midnight, not counting leap seconds.
+    PRINT "System Timer: "; TIMER; " seconds since midnight."
+
+    ' Retrieve and print the current system time using TIME$.
+    ' TIME$ returns a string in the format "HH:MM:SS".
+    PRINT "Current System Time: "; TIME$; "."
+
+    ' Retrieve and print the current system date using DATE$.
+    ' DATE$ returns a string in the format "M/D/YYYY" or "DD/MM/YYYY"
+    ' depending on regional settings.
+    PRINT "Current System Date: "; DATE$; "."
+
+    ' Pause for a moment to allow the user to see the output before
+    ' it is cleared again in the next iteration of the loop.
+    ' The Sleep statement requires including the QB.BI library.
+    SLEEP 1
+
+LOOP
diff --git a/QBasic tutorial/group1/18.bas b/QBasic tutorial/group1/18.bas
index afca895..0aec40a 100755
--- a/QBasic tutorial/group1/18.bas	
+++ b/QBasic tutorial/group1/18.bas	
@@ -1,18 +1,31 @@
-' Start this program several times, and notice that first group
-' of numbers is always the same.
-
-CLS
-
-FOR b = 1 TO 10
-    PRINT RND
-NEXT b
-
-PRINT
-
-RANDOMIZE TIMER         ' to get differend random numbers  'RANDOMIZE TIMER'
-                        ' must be used.
-
-FOR b = 1 TO 10
-  PRINT RND
-NEXT b
-
+' This example program demonstrates the use of the RND function
+' to generate random numbers in Microsoft QuickBasic.
+
+' Clear the screen before starting the program
+CLS
+
+' The first loop will print ten random numbers. However, these
+' numbers may not seem truly random because the random number
+' generator needs to be seeded with a varying value.
+
+PRINT "First group of 'random' numbers without seeding:"
+FOR b = 1 TO 10
+    PRINT RND
+NEXT b
+
+' Print an empty line for better readability between the two groups
+PRINT
+
+' Seed the random number generator using the TIMER function, which
+' returns the number of seconds since midnight. This ensures that
+' subsequent calls to RND will yield different sequences of numbers
+' each time the program is run after being restarted.
+RANDOMIZE TIMER
+PRINT "Second group of truly random numbers with seeding:"
+
+' Now, print another ten random numbers after seeding the generator
+FOR b = 1 TO 10
+    PRINT RND
+NEXT b
+
+' End of program
diff --git a/QBasic tutorial/group1/19.bas b/QBasic tutorial/group1/19.bas
index 6bc34f0..536364b 100755
--- a/QBasic tutorial/group1/19.bas	
+++ b/QBasic tutorial/group1/19.bas	
@@ -1,14 +1,31 @@
-CLS
+' This program demonstrates how to use the QuickBasic functions RND (random number generator),
+' COLOR (sets text and background color), LOCATE (positions the cursor on the screen), PRINT (displays text),
+' SOUND (generates a tone through the PC speaker)
 
-1
-x = RND * 79 + 1
-y = RND * 22 + 1
-c = RND * 15
+CLS ' Clears the screen before starting the program
 
-COLOR c
-LOCATE y, x
+' Generate random coordinates (x, y) for text placement on the screen
+' and a random color (c) for the text.
+' The screen has 80 columns (0-79) and 25 lines (0-24), but we start counting from 1.
 
-PRINT "x"
-SOUND x * 100 + 100, .1
-GOTO 1
+
+' INKEY$ returns a string containing any keystroke; if no key is pressed, it returns an empty string
+DO WHILE INKEY$ = ""
+    x = INT(RND * 80) + 1  ' Random column, ensuring it is within the screen width
+    y = INT(RND * 25) + 1  ' Random line, ensuring it is within the screen height
+    c = INT(RND * 16)      ' Random color index (0-15), where 0 is black and 15 is white
+
+    ' Set the text color to the randomly chosen color
+    COLOR c
+
+    ' Position the cursor at the random coordinates
+    LOCATE y, x
+
+    ' Print an "x" character at the current cursor position
+    PRINT "x"; ' The semicolon prevents advancing to the next line
+
+    ' Generate a sound with a frequency based on the x coordinate and a duration of 0.1 seconds
+    SOUND x * 100 + 100, 1
+
+LOOP
 
-- 
2.20.1