Date: Wed, 22 Oct 2025 00:44:51 +0000 (+0300) Subject: Better site publishing script X-Git-Url: http://www2.svjatoslav.eu/gitweb/?a=commitdiff_plain;ds=sidebyside;p=qbasicapps.git Better site publishing script --- diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore index 17a01d0..61b803c 100644 --- a/.gitignore +++ b/.gitignore @@ -1,12 +1,13 @@ -/qbasicapps.iml +# IntelliJ files /.idea/ +/qbasicapps.iml + +# Volkov Commander /VC.COM /VC.INI + +# Qbasic installation /QB45 -/index.html -/Graphics/3D/3D Synthezier/doc/index.html -/Math/Truth table calculator/doc/index.html -/Graphics/Spirals/index.html -/Graphics/index.html -/2D GFX/Animations/index.html -/3D GFX/3D Synthezier/index.html \ No newline at end of file + +# Index HTML files are autogenerated anyway +**/index.html \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/2D GFX/Fractals/index.html b/2D GFX/Fractals/index.html deleted file mode 100644 index cd95ce4..0000000 --- a/2D GFX/Fractals/index.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,362 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - -Fractals - - - - - - -

Fractals

1. Fractal circles
2. Fractal circles animated
3. Fractal of squares
4. Fractal of squares animated
5. Fractal of trees

- - - -

1. Fractal circles

-This QBasic program generates a visually captivating spiral fractal -composed of circles. It employs a recursive algorithm to create -intricate patterns that can inspire those interested in fractal -geometry, recursive programming, and graphical design. -

- - -

$fractal%20circles.png$ -

- -

Color and Depth: The color of each circle alternates based on the -recursion depth, adding visual complexity to the fractal.
Termination Condition: The recursion terminates when the size of -the circles becomes too small, ensuring the program doesn't run -indefinitely.

- -

-Source code -

- -

2. Fractal circles animated

-This QBasic program creates an animated fractal composed of circles, -demonstrating an engaging visual effect. The program uses a timer -system to control the animation's progression. -

- -

-Source code -

- -

3. Fractal of squares

-This QBasic program generates and displays a fractal pattern composed of squares. -

- - -

$fractal%20squares,%201.png$ -

- - -

$fractal%20squares,%202.png$ -

- -

4. Fractal of squares animated

-This QBasic program generates an animated fractal pattern composed of -size-shifting squares. The animation creates a visually captivating -display by continuously redrawing the fractal with varying parameters, -resulting in a dynamic and ever-changing geometric pattern. -

- -

-Source code -

- -

5. Fractal of trees

-QBasic program that generates a visually appealing fractal tree -animation. The program creates a dynamic fractal pattern that -resembles a tree, with branches that grow and change over time. -

- -

- - -

-Source code -

Created: 2025-08-21 to 21:52

Validate

- - diff --git a/2D GFX/Spirals/index.html b/2D GFX/Spirals/index.html deleted file mode 100644 index f99da9b..0000000 --- a/2D GFX/Spirals/index.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,944 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - -Spiral series - - - - - - -

Spiral series

1. Spiral with increasing density
2. Spiral with varying height
3. Shaded spiral
4. Sphere forming spiral
5. Textured spherical spiral
6. Textured and shaded spherical spiral

- - -

1. Spiral with increasing density

- -

-From every point in the spiral, subdivided line is traced. Line -segments are connected between the neighbors. Line segment count -progressively increases towards the center. -

- -

-spiral.bas -

- -

DECLARE SUB DrawLine (startX AS DOUBLE, startY AS DOUBLE, endX AS DOUBLE, endY AS DOUBLE, col AS INTEGER)
-
-' Program to render fancy looking spiral.
-'
-' This program is free software: released under Creative Commons Zero (CC0) license
-' by Svjatoslav Agejenko.
-' Email: svjatoslav@svjatoslav.eu
-' Homepage: http://www.svjatoslav.eu
-'
-' Changelog:
-' 2003.12, Initial version
-' 2024.08, Improved program readability
-
-DIM SHARED lineVertexX(1 TO 100) AS DOUBLE
-DIM SHARED lineVertexY(1 TO 100) AS DOUBLE
-DIM SHARED depth AS INTEGER
-DIM SHARED tempDepth AS INTEGER
-SCREEN 12
-
-' Initialize the scale factor for the spiral
-spiralScaleFactor = 200
-depth = 0
-
-' Generate the spiral by iterating through angles and scaling appropriately
-FOR angle = 1 TO 30 STEP .1
-    ' Calculate the current scale based on the remaining distance to the center
-    spiralScaleFactor = (30 - angle) * 7
-    ' Convert polar coordinates to cartesian for the current point
-    xPosition = SIN(angle) * spiralScaleFactor + 200
-    yPosition = COS(angle) * spiralScaleFactor + 200
-    ' Store the current depth (z-axis value)
-    tempDepth = angle
-    ' Draw a line from the previous point to the current point with a color based on depth
-    DrawLine xPosition + (xPosition / 2) + (angle * 3), (yPosition - (xPosition / 3)) + (angle * 3), xPosition + 25, yPosition + 25 - (angle * 3), depth
-    ' Set the color for the next segment
-    depth = 15
-NEXT angle
-
-' Wait for user input to close the program
-userInput$ = INPUT$(1)
-
-SUB DrawLine (startX AS DOUBLE, startY AS DOUBLE, endX AS DOUBLE, endY AS DOUBLE, col AS INTEGER)
-    ' Calculate the step increments for x and y based on the depth
-    deltaX = (endX - startX) / tempDepth
-    deltaY = (endY - startY) / tempDepth
-
-    FOR segmentIndex = 1 TO tempDepth
-        ' If there is a previous vertex, draw a line to the new starting point
-        IF lineVertexX(segmentIndex) > 0 THEN LINE (lineVertexX(segmentIndex), lineVertexY(segmentIndex))-(startX, startY), col
-        ' Store the current starting point as the next vertex
-        lineVertexX(segmentIndex) = startX
-        lineVertexY(segmentIndex) = startY
-        ' Increment the starting point by the calculated deltas
-        startX = startX + deltaX
-        startY = startY + deltaY
-        ' Draw a line from the stored vertex to the new starting point
-        LINE (lineVertexX(segmentIndex), lineVertexY(segmentIndex))-(startX, startY), col
-    NEXT segmentIndex
-END SUB
-

- -

2. Spiral with varying height

- -

spiral, 2.png -

- -

-From every point in the spiral, subdivided line is traced. Line -segments are connected between the neighbors. This creates effect -where lines run from edges towards the center. Center is vertically -displaced by sinus function where input is the distance to the center. -

- -

-spiral, 2.bas -

- -

' Program to render fancy looking spiral.
-'
-' This program is free software: released under Creative Commons Zero (CC0) license
-' by Svjatoslav Agejenko.
-' Email: svjatoslav@svjatoslav.eu
-' Homepage: http://www.svjatoslav.eu
-'
-' Changelog:
-' 2003.12, Initial version
-' 2024.08, Improved program readability
-
-DIM SHARED spiralX(1 TO 10000) AS SINGLE ' X coordinates of the spiral points
-DIM SHARED spiralY(1 TO 10000) AS SINGLE ' Y coordinates of the spiral points
-DIM SHARED pointCount AS INTEGER ' Total number of points plotted
-SCREEN 12 ' Set screen resolution to 640x480 with 16 colors
-
-' Initialize the scale factor for the spiral
-scaleFactor = 200
-pointCount = 0
-
-' Calculate and plot each point on the spiral
-FOR angle = 1 TO 100 STEP .05
-    pointCount = pointCount + 1
-    scaleFactor = 100 - angle ' Update the scaling factor as the loop progresses
-
-    ' Calculate the X and Y coordinates based on the sine and cosine of the angle
-    spiralX(pointCount) = SIN(angle) * scaleFactor * 3 + 320
-    spiralY(pointCount) = COS(angle) * scaleFactor + 300
-
-    ' Apply a vertical displacement to create a more dynamic effect
-    spiralY(pointCount) = spiralY(pointCount) + (SIN((angle + 20) / 10) * angle)
-
-    ' Plot the point on the screen
-    PSET (spiralX(pointCount), spiralY(pointCount)), 15
-NEXT angle
-
-' Draw lines between points to create the spiral effect
-FOR segmentStart = 1 TO pointCount - 125
-    LINE (spiralX(segmentStart), spiralY(segmentStart)) - _
-         (spiralX(segmentStart + 125), spiralY(segmentStart + 125)), 15
-NEXT segmentStart
-
-' Wait for user input before exiting
-a$ = INPUT$(1)
-END ' Exit the program
-

- -

3. Shaded spiral

- -

spiral, 3.png -

- -

-Similar to previous spiral, Line segments are connected between the -neighbors and sinus from the center decides vertical -displacement. Attempt of shading is made where brighter areas have -more detail. -

- -

-spiral, 3.bas -

- -

' Program to render fancy looking spiral with shaded surface.
-'
-' This program is free software: released under Creative Commons Zero (CC0) license
-' by Svjatoslav Agejenko.
-' Email: svjatoslav@svjatoslav.eu
-' Homepage: http://www.svjatoslav.eu
-'
-' Changelog:
-' 2003.12, Initial version
-' 2024.08, Improved program readability
-
-' Declare shared arrays for storing coordinates and sine values
-DIM SHARED spiralX(1 TO 10000)
-DIM SHARED spiralY(1 TO 10000)
-DIM SHARED sineValue1(1 TO 10000)
-DIM SHARED sineValue2(1 TO 10000)
-
-
-' Set the screen mode to 640x480 with 16 colors
-SCREEN 12
-
-' Initialize the spiral rotation parameter
-DIM spiralRotation AS SINGLE
-spiralRotation = 0
-
-' Generate and draw the spiral points
-FOR angle = 0 TO 150 STEP .05
-    spiralRotation = spiralRotation + 1
-    scaleFactor = 150 - angle
-
-    ' Calculate the X and Y coordinates for the current point
-    spiralX(spiralRotation) = SIN(angle) * scaleFactor * 3 + 320
-    spiralY(spiralRotation) = COS(angle) * scaleFactor + 300
-
-    ' Apply additional vertical displacement based on a secondary sine function
-    spiralY(spiralRotation) = spiralY(spiralRotation) + (SIN((angle + 20) / 10) * (angle / 5 + 1))
-
-    ' Store the current sine values for later use
-    sineValue1(spiralRotation) = SIN(angle)
-    sineValue2(spiralRotation) = SIN((angle + 20) / 10)
-
-    ' Draw the current point on the screen
-    PSET (spiralX(spiralRotation), spiralY(spiralRotation)), 15
-NEXT angle
-
-' Connect the points to form a continuous line
-FOR index = 1 TO spiralRotation - 127
-    ' Draw a line segment between points 126 steps apart
-    LINE (spiralX(index), spiralY(index))-(spiralX(index + 126), spiralY(index + 126)), 15
-
-    ' Initialize the line drawing flag
-    DIM drawLine AS INTEGER
-    drawLine = 1
-
-    ' Check conditions to determine if a line segment should be drawn
-    IF sineValue1(index) > .8 AND sineValue2(index) < sineValue2(index + 125) THEN drawLine = 0
-    IF sineValue1(index) < -.2 AND (sineValue2(index) - .4) > sineValue2(index + 125) THEN drawLine = 0
-
-    ' Draw a line segment if the conditions are met
-    IF drawLine = 1 THEN LINE (spiralX(index), spiralY(index))-(spiralX(index + 1), spiralY(index + 1)), 15
-
-    ' Reset the line drawing flag and check for different conditions
-    drawLine = 0
-    IF sineValue1(index) > .8 AND sineValue2(index) > sineValue2(index + 125) THEN drawLine = 1
-    IF sineValue1(index) < -.2 AND sineValue2(index) < sineValue2(index + 125) THEN drawLine = 1
-
-    ' Draw a line segment if the conditions are met
-    IF drawLine = 1 THEN LINE (spiralX(index), spiralY(index))-(spiralX(index + 127), spiralY(index + 127)), 15
-
-    ' Reset the line drawing flag and check for another set of conditions
-    drawLine = 0
-    IF sineValue1(index) > .9 AND sineValue2(index) > sineValue2(index + 125) THEN drawLine = 1
-    IF sineValue1(index) < -.5 AND sineValue2(index) < sineValue2(index + 125) THEN drawLine = 1
-
-    ' Draw a line segment if the conditions are met
-    IF drawLine = 1 THEN LINE (spiralX(index), spiralY(index))-(spiralX(index + 125), spiralY(index + 125)), 15
-NEXT index
-
-' Wait for a key press before exiting
-a$ = INPUT$(1)
-

- -

4. Sphere forming spiral

-Similar to previous spiral, Line segments are connected between the -neighbors. Spiral height and width are calculated such that they form -multiple linked spherical shapes. Initially point cloud in shown: -

- - -

spiral, 4, 1.png -

- -

-In the next step, points are connected using lines: -

- - -

spiral, 4, 2.png -

- - -

-spiral, 4.bas -

- -

' Program to render fancy looking spiral.
-'
-' This program is free software: released under Creative Commons Zero (CC0) license
-' by Svjatoslav Agejenko.
-' Email: svjatoslav@svjatoslav.eu
-' Homepage: http://www.svjatoslav.eu
-'
-' Changelog:
-' 2003.12, Initial version
-' 2024.08, Improved program readability
-
-' Declare shared arrays to hold the x and y coordinates of the spiral
-DIM SHARED spiralX(1 TO 10000)
-DIM SHARED spiralY(1 TO 10000)
-
-' Initialize the screen to a graphics mode with 640x480 resolution and 16 colors
-SCREEN 12
-
-' Constants for the initial size and the starting value of the index
-CONST InitialSize = 100
-CONST StartIndex = 0
-
-' Variable to keep track of the current position in the spiral arrays
-DIM torusIndex AS DOUBLE
-torusIndex = StartIndex
-
-' Loop parameters
-DIM angle AS DOUBLE
-DIM scaleFactor AS DOUBLE
-
-' Generate the first arm of the spiral
-FOR angle = 0 TO 97.35 STEP .15
-    torusIndex = torusIndex + 1
-    scaleFactor = SIN(angle / 31) * InitialSize
-    spiralX(torusIndex) = SIN(angle) * scaleFactor * 3 + 320
-    spiralY(torusIndex) = COS(angle) * scaleFactor + 250
-    spiralY(torusIndex) = spiralY(torusIndex) - (COS(angle / 31) * 200)
-    PSET (spiralX(torusIndex), spiralY(torusIndex)), 15
-NEXT angle
-
-' Generate the second arm of the spiral
-FOR angle = 97.35 TO 0 STEP -.15
-    torusIndex = torusIndex + 1
-    scaleFactor = SIN(angle / 31) * (InitialSize / 2)
-    spiralX(torusIndex) = SIN(angle) * scaleFactor * 3 + 320
-    spiralY(torusIndex) = COS(angle) * scaleFactor + 350
-    spiralY(torusIndex) = spiralY(torusIndex) - (COS(angle / 31) * 100)
-    PSET (spiralX(torusIndex), spiralY(torusIndex)), 15
-NEXT angle
-
-' Generate the third arm of the spiral
-FOR angle = 0 TO 97.35 STEP .15
-    torusIndex = torusIndex + 1
-    scaleFactor = SIN(angle / 31) * (InitialSize / 4)
-    spiralX(torusIndex) = SIN(angle) * scaleFactor * 3 + 320
-    spiralY(torusIndex) = COS(angle) * scaleFactor + 300
-    spiralY(torusIndex) = spiralY(torusIndex) - (COS(angle / 31) * 50)
-    PSET (spiralX(torusIndex), spiralY(torusIndex)), 15
-NEXT angle
-
-' Generate the fourth arm of the spiral
-FOR angle = 97.35 TO 0 STEP -.15
-    torusIndex = torusIndex + 1
-    scaleFactor = SIN(angle / 31) * (InitialSize / 8)
-    spiralX(torusIndex) = SIN(angle) * scaleFactor * 3 + 320
-    spiralY(torusIndex) = COS(angle) * scaleFactor + 325
-    spiralY(torusIndex) = spiralY(torusIndex) - (COS(angle / 31) * 25)
-    PSET (spiralX(torusIndex), spiralY(torusIndex)), 15
-NEXT angle
-
-' Calculate the number of lines to draw based on the current index
-DIM totalSegments AS DOUBLE
-totalSegments = (torusIndex - 42) / 4
-
-a$ = INPUT$(1)
-' Clear the screen before drawing the lines
-CLS
-
-' Draw the lines between points in the spiral
-FOR angle = 1 TO totalSegments * 4
-    LINE (spiralX(angle), spiralY(angle))-(spiralX(angle + 42), spiralY(angle + 42)), 15
-    LINE (spiralX(angle), spiralY(angle))-(spiralX(angle + 1), spiralY(angle + 1)), 15
-NEXT angle
-
-' Wait for the user to press a key before exiting
-a$ = INPUT$(1)
-
-' End of program
-SYSTEM
-

- -

5. Textured spherical spiral

- -

spiral, 5.png -

- -

-Similar to previous spiral, Line segments are connected between the -neighbors. Spiral height and width are calculated such that sphere is -formed. Sphere is textured. Texture is loaded from file: -texture.dat .Invisible surface detection and removal is -attempted. -

- -

-spiral, 5.bas -

- -

' Program to render fancy looking spiral.
-'
-' This program is free software: released under Creative Commons Zero (CC0) license
-' by Svjatoslav Agejenko.
-' Email: svjatoslav@svjatoslav.eu
-' Homepage: http://www.svjatoslav.eu
-'
-' Changelog:
-' 2003.12, Initial version
-' 2024.08, Improved program readability
-
-DECLARE SUB FillSegment (x1, y1, x2, y2, xx1, yy1, xx2, yy2)
-DIM SHARED spiralX(1 TO 10000)
-DIM SHARED spiralY(1 TO 10000)
-DIM SHARED angles(1 TO 10000)
-DIM SHARED phaseAngles(1 TO 10000)
-DIM SHARED spiralLength
-SCREEN 12
-stepUnit = 200
-spiralLength = 0
-
-' Generate the spiral points
-FOR angleIndex = 1 TO 97 STEP .15
-    spiralLength = spiralLength + 1
-    stepUnit = SIN(angleIndex / 31) * 100
-    xPos = SIN(angleIndex) * stepUnit * 3 + 320
-    yPos = COS(angleIndex) * stepUnit + 250
-    yPos = yPos - (COS(angleIndex / 31) * 200)
-    angles(spiralLength) = angleIndex
-    phaseAngles(spiralLength) = angleIndex / 31
-    spiralX(spiralLength) = xPos
-    spiralY(spiralLength) = yPos
-    PSET (xPos, yPos), 15
-NEXT angleIndex
-
-' Load texture data from file
-OPEN "texture.dat" FOR INPUT AS #1
-DIM SHARED textureData$(1 TO 1000)
-textureIndex = 0
-1
-    LINE INPUT #1, textureLine$
-    IF LEFT$(textureLine$, 3) = "END" THEN GOTO 2
-    textureIndex = textureIndex + 1
-    textureData$(textureIndex) = textureLine$
-GOTO 1
-2
-CLS
-
-' Apply texture to the spiral
-textureIndex = 1
-FOR charIndex = 1 TO 20
-    FOR textCharIndex = 1 TO LEN(textureData$(charIndex))
-        textureChar$ = RIGHT$(LEFT$(textureData$(charIndex), textCharIndex), 1)
-        textureIndex = textureIndex + 1
-        IF textureIndex > spiralLength - 43 THEN GOTO DONE
-        teeVal = SIN(angles(textureIndex + 32)) - COS(phaseAngles(textureIndex))
-
-        ' Draw lines if the condition is met
-        IF teeVal <= 0 THEN
-            LINE (spiralX(textureIndex), spiralY(textureIndex))-(spiralX(textureIndex + 1), spiralY(textureIndex + 1)), 15
-            LINE (spiralX(textureIndex), spiralY(textureIndex))-(spiralX(textureIndex + 42), spiralY(textureIndex + 42)), 15
-            ' Fill the segment if the character matches
-            IF textureChar$ = "M" THEN
-                CALL FillSegment(spiralX(textureIndex), spiralY(textureIndex), spiralX(textureIndex + 1), spiralY(textureIndex + 1), spiralX(textureIndex + 42), spiralY(textureIndex + 42), spiralX(textureIndex + 43), spiralY(textureIndex + 43))
-            END IF
-        END IF
-    NEXT textCharIndex
-NEXT charIndex
-DONE:
-a$ = INPUT$(1)
-SYSTEM
-
-' Subroutine to fill a segment with lines
-SUB FillSegment (x1, y1, x2, y2, xx1, yy1, xx2, yy2)
-    ' Assign input parameters to local variables
-    xStart = x1
-    yStart = y1
-    xEnd = x2
-    yEnd = y2
-    xxStart = xx1
-    yyStart = yy1
-    xxEnd = xx2
-    yyEnd = yy2
-
-    ' Calculate step increments
-    j = 10
-    xStep = (xEnd - xStart) / j
-    yStep = (yEnd - yStart) / j
-    xxStep = (xxEnd - xxStart) / j
-    yyStep = (yyEnd - yyStart) / j
-
-    ' Draw lines between the points
-    FOR a = 1 TO j
-        xStart = xStart + xStep
-        yStart = yStart + yStep
-        xxStart = xxStart + xxStep
-        yyStart = yyStart + yyStep
-        LINE (xStart, yStart)-(xxStart, yyStart), 15
-    NEXT a
-END SUB
-

- -

6. Textured and shaded spherical spiral

- -

spiral, 6.png -

- -

-Similar to previous spiral, Line segments are connected between the -neighbors. Spiral height and width are calculated such that sphere is -formed. Sphere is textured. Texture is loaded from file: -texture1.dat . Invisible surface detection and removal is -attempted. Sphere is shaded. -

- -

-spiral, 6.bas -

- -

' Program to render fancy looking textured and shaded spiral.
-' Texture is loaded from file.
-'
-' This program is free software: released under Creative Commons Zero (CC0) license
-' by Svjatoslav Agejenko.
-' Email: svjatoslav@svjatoslav.eu
-' Homepage: http://www.svjatoslav.eu
-'
-' Changelog:
-' 2003.12, Initial version
-' 2024 - 2025, Improved program readability
-
-DECLARE SUB fill(x1, y1, x2, y2, xx1, yy1, xx2, yy2, hel)
-DIM SHARED torux(1 TO 10000)
-DIM SHARED toruy(1 TO 10000)
-DIM SHARED sin1(1 TO 10000)
-DIM SHARED cos1(1 TO 10000)
-DIM SHARED tor
-
-' Set the screen mode to 12
-SCREEN 12
-su = 200
-tor = 0
-
-' Calculate points for the spiral
-FOR a = 1 TO 97 STEP .15
-    tor = tor + 1
-    su = SIN(a / 31) * 100
-    x = SIN(a) * su * 3 + 320
-    y = COS(a) * su + 250
-    y = y - (COS(a / 31) * 200)
-    sin1(tor) = a
-    cos1(tor) = a / 31
-    torux(tor) = x
-    toruy(tor) = y
-    ' Set the pixel at (x, y) to color 15
-    PSET (x, y), 15
-NEXT a
-
-' Open the text file for input
-OPEN "texture1.dat" FOR INPUT AS #1
-DIM SHARED text$(1 TO 1000)
-
-a = 0
-1
-' Read a line from the file
-LINE INPUT #1, a$
-' Check if the line is the end marker
-IF LEFT$(a$, 3) = "END" THEN GOTO 2
-
-' Increment the counter and store the line in the text array
-a = a + 1
-text$(a) = a$
-GOTO 1
-2
-' Close the file
-CLOSE #1
-
-' Clear the screen
-CLS
-a = 1
-' Loop through each character in the text
-FOR c = 1 TO 20
-    FOR b = 1 TO LEN(text$(c))
-        ' Get the current character
-        a$ = RIGHT$(LEFT$(text$(c), b), 1)
-
-        ' Increment the counter
-        a = a + 1
-        ' Check if we have reached the end of the points array
-        IF a > tor - 43 THEN GOTO 3
-
-        ' Calculate the angle for the current point
-        tee = SIN(sin1(a + 32))
-        tee = tee - COS(cos1(a))
-
-        ' Draw lines based on the calculated angle
-        IF tee <= 0 THEN
-            LINE (torux(a), toruy(a))-(torux(a + 1), toruy(a + 1)), 15
-            LINE (torux(a), toruy(a))-(torux(a + 42), toruy(a + 42)), 15
-            hel = 10
-            hel1 = COS(cos1(a) - 1) + .5
-            hel2 = SIN(sin1(a) + 1) + 1
-            ' Adjust brightness based on the angles
-            IF hel2 > 1 AND hel1 > 1 THEN
-                hel3 = (hel2 - 1) * (hel1 - 1) * 8
-                hel = hel / (hel3 + 1)
-            END IF
-
-            ' Adjust brightness if the character is "M"
-            IF a$ = "M" THEN hel = hel / 3
-
-            ' Fill the shape with the calculated brightness
-            fillQuadrilateralWithShading torux(a), toruy(a), torux(a + 1), toruy(a + 1), torux(a + 42), toruy(a + 42), torux(a + 43), toruy(a + 43), hel
-        END IF
-    NEXT b
-NEXT c
-
-' Wait for user input
-3
-a$ = INPUT$(1)
-SYSTEM
-
-'
-' Fills a quadrilateral area using scanline algorithm with variable density
-' Creates shaded surface effect by interpolating between opposite edges
-'
-SUB fillQuadrilateralWithShading (startEdgePointX1, startEdgePointY1, endEdgePointX1, endEdgePointY1, shiftedStartEdgeX1, shiftedStarEdgeY1, shiftedEndEdgeX1, shiftEndEdgeY1, brightnessFactor)
-
-' This subroutine creates the illusion of a shaded surface by drawing multiple lines
-' between two opposite edges of a quadrilateral. The density of these lines is
-' controlled by the brightnessFactor parameter - higher values produce sparser lines.
-'
-' Parameters:
-' startEdgePointX1/Y1 and endEdgePointX1/Y1 define one pair of points forming an edge
-' shiftedStartEdgeX1/Y1 and shiftedEndEdgeX1/Y1 define the opposite edge
-' brightnessFactor controls how densely packed the lines will be drawn
-
-' Local variables for working with point coordinates
-edgePointX1 = startEdgePointX1
-edgePointY1 = startEdgePointY1
-edgePointX2 = endEdgePointX1
-edgePointY2 = endEdgePointY1
-oppositePointX1 = shiftedStartEdgeX1
-oppositePointY1 = shiftedStarEdgeY1
-oppositePointX2 = shiftedEndEdgeX1
-oppositePointY2 = shiftEndEdgeY1
-
-' Calculate distance differences along first edge
-deltaX1 = edgePointX1 - edgePointX2
-deltaY1 = edgePointY1 - edgePointY2
-length1 = SQR((deltaX1 * deltaX1) + (deltaY1 * deltaY1))
-
-' Calculate distance differences along second edge
-deltaX2 = oppositePointX1 - oppositePointX2
-deltaY2 = oppositePointY1 - oppositePointY2
-length2 = SQR((deltaX2 * deltaX2) + (deltaY2 * deltaY2))
-
-' Average length determines number of steps based on brightness factor
-averageLength = (length1 + length2) / 2
-stepCount = averageLength / brightnessFactor
-
-' Calculate step increments for each axis
-xStep1 = (edgePointX2 - edgePointX1) / stepCount
-yStep1 = (edgePointY2 - edgePointY1) / stepCount
-xStep2 = (oppositePointX2 - oppositePointX1) / stepCount
-yStep2 = (oppositePointY2 - oppositePointY1) / stepCount
-
-' Draw intermediate connecting lines across the shape
-FOR stepIndex = 1 TO stepCount
-    edgePointX1 = edgePointX1 + xStep1
-    edgePointY1 = edgePointY1 + yStep1
-    oppositePointX1 = oppositePointX1 + xStep2
-    oppositePointY1 = oppositePointY1 + yStep2
-
-    ' Draw line between current interpolated points
-    LINE (edgePointX1, edgePointY1)-(oppositePointX1, oppositePointY1), 15
-NEXT stepIndex
-
-END SUB
-

Created: 2025-08-21 to 21:52

Validate

- - diff --git a/2D GFX/Textures/index.html b/2D GFX/Textures/index.html deleted file mode 100644 index ad92071..0000000 --- a/2D GFX/Textures/index.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,709 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - -Algorithmic textures - - - - - - -

Algorithmic textures

1. Circular waves
2. Diamond square clouds
3. Old paper
4. Wood
5. Yellow flame

- - -

1. Circular waves

-This QBasic program creates visually captivating circular wave -patterns by manipulating pixel colors based on sine function -calculations. It's a simple yet effective demonstration of how -mathematical functions can be used to generate complex visual -patterns. -

- -

-The program uses two nested loops to iterate over each pixel on the -screen. The outer loop handles the vertical axis (y-coordinate), and -the inner loop handles the horizontal axis (x-coordinate). -

- -

-For each pixel, the program calculates a sine value based on the -squared distance from the origin (0,0). This calculation involves the -formula: -

- -

-colorvalue = SIN((x^2 + y^2) / 10) * 10
-

- - -

-This program is a blend of mathematics and art, showcasing how simple -algorithms can produce intricate and visually appealing results. -

- -

- Circular waves.png -Source code -

- -

' Program to render circular wave patterns.
-' Algorithm was accidentally discovered while experimenting with sine function.
-'
-' This program is free software: released under Creative Commons Zero (CC0) license
-' by Svjatoslav Agejenko.
-' Email: svjatoslav@svjatoslav.eu
-' Homepage: http://www.svjatoslav.eu
-'
-' Changelog:
-' 2003, Initial version
-' 2025, Improved program readability
-
-SCREEN 13
-
-' Initialize the screen mode to 320x200 with 16 colors
-
-' Outer loop for the vertical axis (y-coordinate)
-FOR ycoordinate = 1 TO 199
-    ' Inner loop for the horizontal axis (x-coordinate)
-    FOR xcoordinate = 1 TO 319
-        ' Calculate the sine value based on the squared distances from the origin
-        colorvalue = SIN((xcoordinate ^ 2 + ycoordinate ^ 2) / 10) * 10
-
-        ' Clamp the color value to the range [0, 15]
-        IF colorvalue < 0 THEN colorvalue = 0
-        IF colorvalue > 15 THEN colorvalue = 15
-
-        ' Set the pixel color at (xcoordinate, ycoordinate) with an offset to use the full 16-color palette
-        PSET (xcoordinate, ycoordinate), colorvalue + 16
-    NEXT xcoordinate
-NEXT ycoordinate
-
-' Wait for user key press
-WHILE INKEY$ = "": WEND
-CLS
-END
-

- -

2. Diamond square clouds

-This QBasic program demonstrates the Diamond-Square algorithm, a -method used to generate fractal terrain or cloud surfaces. The -algorithm is particularly useful for creating realistic landscapes or -textures in computer graphics. -

- -

- Diamond square clouds.png -Source code -

- -

DECLARE SUB DrawPixels (x1 AS INTEGER, y1 AS INTEGER, s AS INTEGER)
-' Program to render cloud surface using diamond square algorithm.
-'
-' This program is free software: released under Creative Commons Zero (CC0) license
-' by Svjatoslav Agejenko.
-' Email: svjatoslav@svjatoslav.eu
-' Homepage: http://www.svjatoslav.eu
-'
-' Changelog:
-' 2003.12, Initial version
-' 2024.08, Improved program readability
-
-DECLARE SUB DrawBox (x1 AS INTEGER, y1 AS INTEGER, s AS INTEGER)
-DECLARE SUB SetPalette ()
-DECLARE SUB InitializeProgram ()
-DEFINT A-Z
-InitializeProgram
-
-DIM SHARED maxLightness AS INTEGER
-maxLightness = 127
-
-DIM scale AS INTEGER
-scale = 2 ^ 8
-
-1 :
-scale = scale \ 2
-x1 = (319 \ scale) - 1
-y1 = (199 \ scale) - 1
-
-FOR y = 0 TO y1
-    FOR x = 0 TO x1
-        DrawPixels x * scale, y * scale, scale
-    NEXT x
-NEXT y
-
-IF scale > 2 THEN GOTO 1
-WAITa$ = INPUT$(1)
-
-SUB DrawPixels (x1 AS INTEGER, y1 AS INTEGER, s AS INTEGER)
-    ' Get the lightness values for the corners of the box
-    c1 = POINT(x1, y1)
-    c2 = POINT(x1 + s, y1)
-    c3 = POINT(x1, y1 + s)
-    c4 = POINT(x1 + s, y1 + s)
-
-    ' Calculate the midpoint lightness values
-    sp = s \ 2
-    k = s * 2
-    kp = k / 2
-
-    cc2 = ((c1 + c2) / 2) + (RND * k) - kp
-    IF cc2 > maxLightness THEN cc2 = maxLightness
-    IF cc2 < 0 THEN cc2 = 0
-
-    cc3 = ((c1 + c3) / 2) + (RND * k) - kp
-    IF cc3 > maxLightness THEN cc3 = maxLightness
-    IF cc3 < 0 THEN cc3 = 0
-
-    cc4 = ((c2 + c4) / 2) + (RND * k) - kp
-    IF cc4 > maxLightness THEN cc4 = maxLightness
-    IF cc4 < 0 THEN cc4 = 0
-
-    cc5 = ((c3 + c4) / 2) + (RND * k) - kp
-    IF cc5 > maxLightness THEN cc5 = maxLightness
-    IF cc5 < 0 THEN cc5 = 0
-
-    ' Calculate the central lightness value
-    cc1 = ((cc2 + cc3 + cc4 + cc5) / 4) + (RND * k) - kp
-    IF cc1 > maxLightness THEN cc1 = maxLightness
-    IF cc1 < 0 THEN cc1 = 0
-
-    ' Set the calculated lightness values for the box
-    PSET (x1 + sp, y1 + sp), cc1
-    PSET (x1 + sp, y1), cc2
-    PSET (x1, y1 + sp), cc3
-    PSET (x1 + s, y1 + sp), cc4
-    PSET (x1 + sp, y1 + s), cc5
-END SUB
-
-SUB InitializeProgram
-    ' Set the screen mode and initialize the color palette
-    SCREEN 13
-    SetPalette
-    RANDOMIZE TIMER
-END SUB
-
-SUB SetPalette
-    ' Set the color palette for lightness levels
-    FOR a = 0 TO 255
-        OUT &H3C8, a
-        OUT &H3C9, a / 4
-        OUT &H3C9, a / 3
-        OUT &H3C9, a / 2.3
-    NEXT a
-END SUB
-

- -

3. Old paper

-This QBasic program generates a procedural texture that simulates the -appearance of old paper. -

- -

-The program initializes the screen to a 320x200 resolution with 256 -colors (SCREEN 13 in QBasic) and sets up a grayscale color -palette. Each color index from 0 to 63 is assigned a shade of gray, -creating a smooth gradient. -

- -

-The program generates the texture by iterating over each pixel on the -screen. For each pixel, it calculates a color value based on the color -of the pixel directly above it, adding a small amount of random -noise. This creates a smooth transition between pixels with controlled -randomness, mimicking the fibrous texture of paper. -

- -

- Old paper.png -Source code -

- -

' Program to render surface resembling old paper.
-'
-' This program is free software: released under Creative Commons Zero (CC0) license
-' by Svjatoslav Agejenko.
-' Email: svjatoslav@svjatoslav.eu
-' Homepage: http://www.svjatoslav.eu
-'
-' Changelog:
-' 2003, Initial version
-' 2025, Improved program readability
-
-DEFINT A-Z
-SCREEN 13
-RANDOMIZE TIMER
-
-' Initialize the color palette to grayscale. Each color index from 0 to 63 has R, G, B values equal to the index,
-' creating a smooth grayscale gradient for the 256-color mode.
-FOR paletteIndex = 0 TO 63
-    OUT &H3C8, paletteIndex
-    OUT &H3C9, paletteIndex  ' Set red component
-    OUT &H3C9, paletteIndex  ' Set green component
-    OUT &H3C9, paletteIndex  ' Set blue component
-NEXT paletteIndex
-
-noiseOffset = 0
-
-' Generate a paper-like surface by averaging the color of the pixel above with some randomness.
-' This creates a procedural texture that mimics the roughness of paper.
-FOR y = 1 TO 190
-    FOR x = 1 TO 310
-        stepCounter = stepCounter + 1
-
-        ' Approximately every 10 steps, introduce a new random noise offset to create variation in the pattern.
-        ' This prevents the surface from becoming too uniform.
-        IF stepCounter > 10 THEN
-            noiseOffset = RND * currentColor / 20
-            stepCounter = stepCounter - (RND * 20 + 10)
-        END IF
-
-        ' Get the color of the pixel directly above the current position.
-        topColor = POINT(x, y - 1)
-
-        ' Calculate the current color as the average of the top color and the previous current color,
-        ' plus a small random noise and minus the noise offset. This creates a smooth transition with
-        ' controlled randomness.
-        currentColor = (topColor + currentColor) \ 2 + ((RND * 2) - noiseOffset)
-
-        ' Clamp the color value to stay within the valid palette range (0 to 63).
-        IF currentColor < 0 THEN currentColor = 0
-        IF currentColor > 63 THEN currentColor = 63
-
-        ' Plot the current pixel at (x-1, y) using the calculated color.
-        PSET (x - 1, y), currentColor
-    NEXT x
-
-    ' Set the starting color for the next row to the last calculated color of the current row.
-    ' This ensures continuity between rows.
-    PSET (0, y + 1), currentColor
-NEXT y
-
-' Wait for a single key press before exiting the program.
-inputKey$ = INPUT$(1)
-
-SYSTEM
-

- -

4. Wood

-This QBasic program creates a visually appealing simulation of a wood -surface. It is designed to generate a realistic wood grain texture -using simple graphical techniques. -

- -

- -Source code -

- -

' Program to render surface resembling wood.
-'
-' This program is free software: released under Creative Commons Zero (CC0) license
-' by Svjatoslav Agejenko.
-' Email: svjatoslav@svjatoslav.eu
-' Homepage: http://www.svjatoslav.eu
-'
-' Changelog:
-' 2003.12, Initial version
-' 2024 - 2025, Improved program readability
-
-DECLARE SUB DrawWoodSurface (woodX%, woodY%)
-DECLARE SUB DrawPaper (xPos%, y1Pos%)
-DEFINT A-Z
-SCREEN 12
-RANDOMIZE TIMER
-
-' Set palette colors
-FOR colorIndex = 0 TO 15
-    OUT &H3C8, colorIndex
-    OUT &H3C9, colorIndex * 4
-    OUT &H3C9, colorIndex * 3
-    OUT &H3C9, colorIndex * 0
-NEXT colorIndex
-
-' Main loop to draw wood at random positions
-100:
-woodX = RND * 400 + 200
-woodY = RND * 100 + 200
-CALL DrawWoodSurface(woodX, woodY)
-GOTO 100
-
-' Wait for user input to exit
-exitKey$ = INPUT$(1)
-
-SUB DrawWoodSurface (woodX, woodY)
-    DIM lowerY AS INTEGER
-    DIM phaseOffset AS INTEGER
-    DIM xStepCounter AS INTEGER
-    DIM randomOffset AS INTEGER
-    DIM newColor AS INTEGER
-    DIM upperColor AS INTEGER
-    DIM currentColor AS INTEGER
-
-    ' Draw the outline of the wood
-    lowerY = woodY + 1
-    LINE (0, 0)-(woodX, woodY), 0, BF  ' Black background
-    LINE (5, 5)-(woodX - 5, lowerY - 5), 8, BF  ' Gray wood outline
-    LINE (10, 10)-(woodX - 10, lowerY - 10), 15, BF  ' White inner highlight
-
-    ' Initialize random phase offset for color variation
-    phaseOffset = RND * 300
-
-    ' Draw the wood texture
-    FOR y = woodY - 1 TO 0 STEP -1
-        FOR x = woodX - 1 TO 0 STEP -1
-            xStepCounter = xStepCounter + 1
-            IF xStepCounter > woodX THEN
-                randomOffset = RND * 13  ' Small random noise for texture variation
-                xStepCounter = SIN((y + phaseOffset) / 100) * woodX  ' Sine wave to create wavy grain pattern
-            END IF
-            upperColor = POINT(x, y + 1)  ' Get color from upper pixel
-            currentColor = POINT(x, y)    ' Get color from current pixel
-            newColor = (upperColor * 2 + currentColor + newColor * 3 + randomOffset) / 7 + RND * 1
-
-            ' Ensure color value is within the valid range (0-15)
-            IF newColor < 0 THEN newColor = 0
-            IF newColor > 15 THEN newColor = 15
-
-            ' Set the pixel color for the wood texture
-            PSET (x + 1, y), newColor
-        NEXT x
-    NEXT y
-
-END SUB
-

- -

5. Yellow flame

-"Yellow Flame" is a visually captivating program written in QBasic -that generates a dynamic flame-like pattern on the screen. -

- -

-Program initializes the color palette using sine waves to create a -smooth gradient of colors. This gradient is essential for the flame -effect. -

- -

-The core of the program involves generating a surface pattern that -mimics a flame. It does this by iterating over each pixel on the -screen and calculating the average color of the surrounding pixels. A -small amount of randomness is added to this average to create a -natural, flickering effect. -

- -

- Yellow flame.png -Source code -

- -

' Yellow flame.
-'
-' This program is free software: released under Creative Commons Zero (CC0) license
-' by Svjatoslav Agejenko.
-' Email: svjatoslav@svjatoslav.eu
-' Homepage: http://www.svjatoslav.eu
-'
-' Changelog:
-' 2003.12, Initial version
-' 2024.08, Improved program readability
-
-
-DEFINT A-Z ' Define all variables as integers
-SCREEN 13 ' Set graphics mode to 320x200 with 256 colors
-RANDOMIZE TIMER ' Seed the random number generator
-
-' Initialize palette registers with sine wave colors
-FOR paletteIndex = 0 TO 255
-    OUT &H3C8, paletteIndex
-    OUT &H3C9, INT(SIN(paletteIndex / 21) * 30 + 30)
-    OUT &H3C9, INT(SIN(paletteIndex / 34) * 30 + 30)
-    OUT &H3C9, INT(SIN(paletteIndex / 10) * 30 + 30)
-NEXT paletteIndex
-
-' Generate the surface pattern
-FOR y = 1 TO 199
-    FOR x = 1 TO 319
-        prevPixel = POINT(x, y - 1)
-        leftPixel = POINT(x - 1, y)
-        diagPixel = POINT(x - 1, y - 1)
-        left2Pixel = POINT(x - 2, y)
-
-        ' Calculate the average of surrounding pixels and add some randomness
-        newColor = (prevPixel + leftPixel + diagPixel + left2Pixel) \ 4 + (RND * 5 - 2)
-
-        ' Clamp the color value within the valid range
-        IF newColor < 0 THEN newColor = 0
-        IF newColor > 63 THEN newColor = 63
-
-        ' Set the pixel with the calculated color
-        PSET (x, y), newColor
-    NEXT x
-NEXT y
-
-' Wait for user input to exit
-userInput$ = INPUT$(1)
-

Created: 2025-08-21 to 21:52

Validate

- - diff --git a/3D GFX/3D Synthezier/doc/index.html b/3D GFX/3D Synthezier/doc/index.html deleted file mode 100644 index a3436a1..0000000 --- a/3D GFX/3D Synthezier/doc/index.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1573 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - -3D Synthezier - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

3D Synthezier

1. Operating principle -
- 1.1. Rectangular city
- 1.2. Hexagonal city
-
2. Scene description language -
- 2.1. here
- 2.2. p
- 2.3. f
- 2.4. warn
- 2.5. end
- 2.6. mtl
- 2.7. mtlrnd
- 2.8. obj
- 2.9. rnd
- 2.10. #
- 2.11. out
- 2.12. set
- 2.13. variables usage
- 2.14. cmp
- 2.15. ?
- 2.16. dum
-
3. Installation -
- 3.1. System requirements
- 3.2. Directory layout
-
4. Usage

- - - -

1. Operating principle

-Parses scene definition language and creates 3D world based on -it. Result will be in a wavefront obj file, witch can be then -visualized using external renderer. -

- -

-Basic concept of defining scene is: -

Simple and primitive objects are created on point and polygon level.
More complex ones can be created my combinig already existing ones, -while applying various transformations on them.

- -

-Objects with all its subobjects can be rotated, mirrored or resized -omong any axis. Generator has built in cache for data input and output -to minimize file access. -

- -

-Examples: -

- -

-Download Blender files: -

- - - --- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

file	size
rectangular city.blend	3.6 MB
hexagonal city.blend	21 MB

- -

-They were produced by importing generated wavefront obj files into -Blender. -

- -

1.1. Rectangular city

- -

rectangular city, 1.jpeg -

- - -

rectangular city, 2.jpeg -

- - -

rectangular city, 3.jpeg -

1.2. Hexagonal city

- -

hexagonal city, 1.jpeg -

- - -

hexagonal city, 2.jpeg -

- - -

hexagonal city, 3.jpeg -

2. Scene description language

-See also examples. -

2.1. here

-here
-

- -

-defines new segment -

2.2. p

-p  x y z
-

- -

-defines new point -

2.3. f

-f  p1 p2 p3 p4
-

- -

-defines new polygon, p4 may be unused -

2.4. warn

-warn  <message>
-

- -

-displays warning message, and wait for key -

2.5. end

-end
-

- -

-terminates parser -

2.6. mtl

-mtl  material
-

- -

-selects material -

2.7. mtlrnd

-mtlrnd  material ...
-

- -

-selects random material from list -

2.8. obj

-obj  object xz45 xy20 x+3 y*2
-

- -

-includes sub object, can be rotated moved or resized, across X Y Z. If -object name begin vith ~ then it will be loaded from current -directory. if object name ends with ~ then object will be parsed -directly from file, and not chached, to allow loading of greater than -500 lines files. -

- - -

2.9. rnd

-rnd  p^1^2^3 p^7^2^1
-

- -

-select random command to execute, ^ will be converted to spaces. -

2.10. #

-# whatever text
-

- -

-comment -

2.11. out

-out  file
-

- -

-specify output file name, must be first command -

2.12. set

-set  variable  contents
-

- -

-set variable contents, variable must be number, contents can be -string. max variables is 100. first is 0. -

2.13. variables usage

-anycommand %1 anything
-

- -

-inserts variable 1 contents info line -

2.14. cmp

-cmp  flag string1 string2
-

- -

-compares strings, and inserts TRUE to flag, if they are equal, else inserts FALSE. max 9 falgs, 0 first. Each subobject has its own flags. -

2.15. ?

-?flag anycommand
-

- -

-executes command if flag is true. -

- -

-exapmle: ?3 obj car z*2 xy45 -

2.16. dum

-dum
-

- -

-dummy function, does notheing -

- -

3. Installation

-Edit bin/3dparse.bas file and update include path in there. -

- -

3.1. System requirements

- - - --- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

software	tested version
DOS	6.22
QBasic	4.5

- -

3.2. Directory layout

bin

3dparse.bas: 3D generator main executable
city1.3d: city with square-like buildings
city2.3d: city with hexangular buildings
result.mtl: shared material library
*.bat: quick launch scripts

include

3D objects used to compose the scene

- -

4. Usage

-Make sure you have QB binaries in your PATH. Execute -

-bin/city1.bat
-

- -

-or -

-bin/city2.bat
-

- -

-to generate example cities. After parsing is finished, appropriate -*.obj files will appear in the bin directory holding generated scene. -Visualize scene with your favourite renderer. -

Created: 2025-08-21 to 21:54

Validate

- - diff --git a/3D GFX/Miscellaneous/index.html b/3D GFX/Miscellaneous/index.html deleted file mode 100644 index 4038c39..0000000 --- a/3D GFX/Miscellaneous/index.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,416 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - -Miscellaneous 3D graphics demos - - - - - - -

Miscellaneous 3D graphics demos

1. Rotating exclamation mark
2. 3D bouncing ball
3. 3D text in a room
4. 3D bouncing cubes on grid floor
5. Matrix math for rotation in 3D space
6. Maze explorer
7. Tank animation
8. Tiled room

- - -

1. Rotating exclamation mark

-Wireframe 3D model of a rotating exclamation mark. -

- -

-Source code -

- -

2. 3D bouncing ball

-This QBasic program creates a visually engaging 3D animation of a -point-cloud ball bouncing around the screen. The program is an example -of early computer graphics techniques. -

- -

-Source code -

- -

3. 3D text in a room

-Wireframe 3D text hanging in a wireframe 3D room. User can look and -fly around in all directions. -

- -

-Source code -

- -

4. 3D bouncing cubes on grid floor

-3D wireframe cubes bouncing on a grid floor, creating an immersive and -dynamic visual effect. -

- -

-Source code -

- -

5. Matrix math for rotation in 3D space

-Instead of combining simple 2D rotors, pixels in this 3D space are -rotated by using matrix multiplications. -

- -

-Source code -

- -

6. Maze explorer

-The Evolving 3D Maze Explorer is a QBasic program that generates and -navigates through a dynamically evolving 3D maze. This program is an -excellent example of early 3D graphics programming and provides an -interactive experience where users can explore a maze that grows and -changes as they navigate through it. -

- - -

- -

-Source code -

- -

7. Tank animation

-Animated tank driving through the bridge back and forward. User can -look and fly around in all directions. -

- -

-Source code -

- -

8. Tiled room

-Room with some tiles on the wall and on the floor. User can freely fly -around. -

- -

-Source code -

Created: 2025-08-21 to 21:54

Validate

- - diff --git a/3D GFX/Space/Universe explorer/index.html b/3D GFX/Space/Universe explorer/index.html deleted file mode 100644 index 2daf567..0000000 --- a/3D GFX/Space/Universe explorer/index.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,45 +0,0 @@ - -Universe Explorer - - - -

Universe Explorer

-
-
-This QBasic program draws 3D universe consisting of stars in realtime. - -Stars form different galaxies, and galaxies in turn form metagalaxies, witch -finally form universe. - -Program allows you to freely fly around using mouse and the keyboard. -In this simulation universe consists from many millions of stars. -Since QBasic cannot handle large arrays it was quite an art to -invent and optimize formula witch syntheszies any part of the -universe on demand. Every galaxy and metagalaxy is unique. -When user flies near to some galaxy, it will be synthezied, -and detail level will increase. -

-
single metagalaxy -

-

-
single galaxy -

-

-
another galaxy -

-
-

-
-Requirements:
-	CPU 500 MHz or better
-	MS QBasic (preferably QB 4.5)
-	QBEXT TSR (included)
-
-Running program:
-	Since QB has no mouse support there is workaround hack: QBEXT.
-	Thats a tiny TSR that must be loaded first to allow
-	mouse usage.
-
-

- - \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/3D GFX/Space/index.html b/3D GFX/Space/index.html deleted file mode 100644 index c31ff99..0000000 --- a/3D GFX/Space/index.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,389 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - -Space themed 3D graphics - - - - - - -

Space themed 3D graphics

1. Galaxy explorer
2. Rocket simulator
3. Stars
4. Universe explorer

- - -

1. Galaxy explorer

-This QBasic program renders a navigable 3D point cloud galaxy, -allowing users to explore a virtual galaxy using mouse or keyboard -controls. The program creates a visually engaging simulation of a -galaxy with stars distributed in a spiral pattern. -

- - -

- -

-Source code -

- -

2. Rocket simulator

-QBasic program that simulates the takeoff and flight of a rocket from -the surface of a planet. This program provides a simple yet engaging -3D visualization of a rocket's journey, allowing users to navigate and -observe the rocket's trajectory from various angles. -

- -

-Source code -

- -

3. Stars

-The 3D Starfield Simulation is a QBasic program that creates a -visually captivating simulation of a starfield in three -dimensions. This program is designed to render stars moving in space, -giving the illusion of flying through a galaxy. -

- -

-How the Program Works: -

- -

Camera Rotation: The camera's rotation is calculated to give a -dynamic view of the starfield.
Star Movement: Each star's position is updated to simulate -movement through space. Stars that get too close to the viewer are -repositioned to the far distance to create an infinite starfield -effect.
Projection: The 3D coordinates of each star are projected onto a -2D screen using perspective projection, which scales the stars based -on their distance from the viewer.
Brightness and Color: The brightness of each star is adjusted -based on its distance, with closer stars appearing brighter.

- -

-Source code -

- -

4. Universe explorer

-This QBasic program that simulates a navigable 3D universe. Users can -freely fly through a dynamically generated universe composed of galaxy -clusters, galaxies, and stars. The program employs a clever algorithm -to manage the level of detail, dynamically increasing or decreasing -the complexity of the universe regions based on the user's -position. This ensures a reasonable quantity of stars is rendered at -any given time, optimizing performance and visual experience. -

- -

-What's in it for the Reader? -

- -

Algorithm Insight: The program provides a practical example of -dynamic level-of-detail algorithms, which can be useful for anyone -interested in computer graphics, game development, or simulation -programming.
3D Navigation: It demonstrates how to implement a 3D navigation -system using basic input devices like a mouse and keyboard, offering -insights into handling user inputs for movement and interaction in a -3D space.
Procedural Generation: The universe is procedurally generated, -showcasing how to create complex structures like galaxies and star -systems algorithmically.
Performance Optimization: The program highlights techniques for -optimizing performance in resource-intensive applications, such as -limiting the number of rendered objects based on distance.

- - -

- -

-Source code -

Created: 2025-08-21 to 21:54

Validate

- - diff --git a/Math/Plotting/index.html b/Math/Plotting/index.html deleted file mode 100644 index 0dec982..0000000 --- a/Math/Plotting/index.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,365 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - -Plotting - - - - - - -

Plotting

1. 2D graph
2. 3D graph
3. Deriviative calculator
4. Sine and cosine table

- - -

1. 2D graph

-The 2D Graph Plotter is a simple yet effective program written in -QBasic that allows users to plot mathematical functions on a -two-dimensional grid. This program is particularly useful for -visualizing mathematical functions and understanding their graphical -representations. -

- -

-The main loop of the program calculates the y-value for each x-value -based on a user-defined mathematical function. -

- - -

- -

-Source code -

- -

2. 3D graph

-The 3D Heightmap Explorer is a QBasic program designed to visualize -mathematical functions in three dimensions. It allows users to explore -various heightmaps by defining custom formulas and observing their -graphical representations. This program is particularly useful for -educational purposes, helping users understand complex mathematical -surfaces. -

- -

-Users can navigate through the 3D space using keyboard controls to -move around and inspect the heightmap from different angles. -

- -

-The core of the program is the formula subroutine, where users can -define their mathematical functions. Multiple example formulas are -provided, which can be enabled or disabled to create different visual -effects. -

- -

-The program includes a grid system that helps users perceive the scale -and orientation of the 3D space. This includes background grids and a -central 3D cross to indicate the zero point. -

- -

-The formula subroutine evaluates the user-defined mathematical -function to determine the height (Z-coordinate) of each point on the -grid. -

- - -

- -

-Source code -

- -

3. Deriviative calculator

-This QBasic program is designed to compute and plot an arbitrary -mathematical function on a 2D graph. Additionally, it calculates and -plots the derivative of the function, providing a visual -representation of both the function and its rate of change. The -program is a great educational tool for those interested in -understanding how mathematical functions and their derivatives can be -visualized. -

- - -

- -

-Source code -

- -

4. Sine and cosine table

-The SIN & COS Table Generator is a QBasic program designed to visually -plot the sine and cosine functions on a graphical screen. This program -is particularly useful for educational purposes, providing a clear -visual representation of these fundamental trigonometric functions. -

- - -

- -

-Source code -

Created: 2025-08-21 to 21:54

Validate

- - diff --git a/Math/Simulation/index.html b/Math/Simulation/index.html deleted file mode 100644 index 6581e0d..0000000 --- a/Math/Simulation/index.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,482 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - -Simulation - - - - - - -

Simulation

1. Explosion simulator
2. Gravity in 2D
3. Gravity in 3D
4. Interference
5. Interferogram
6. Surface tension
7. Wave 1
8. Wave 2

- - -

1. Explosion simulator

-This QBasic program simulates the propagation of shock waves in a gas -within a confined space. It models the behavior of pressure and -velocity in a two-dimensional grid, providing a visual representation -of how shock waves interact with boundaries and each other. -

- -

-The program initializes a 100x100 grid to represent pressure and -velocity values. It sets up initial conditions, including placing -pressure disturbances and defining boundary walls. -

- -

-The core of the program is a loop that continuously updates the -pressure and velocity values. The velocities in the horizontal and -vertical directions are updated based on pressure differences between -adjacent grid points. The program checks for and corrects negative -pressure values to ensure physical realism. The pressure grid is -updated based on the current velocities. The program handles boundary -conditions by setting velocities to zero at wall boundaries. -

- - -

- -

-Source code -

- -

2. Gravity in 2D

-The Gravitation Simulation program is a simple yet insightful QBasic -application that simulates the gravitational interaction between a -central mass and an orbiting object in a two-dimensional space. This -program provides a visual representation of how gravitational forces -influence the motion of celestial bodies, making it an excellent -educational tool for understanding basic orbital mechanics. -

- - -

- -

-Source code -

- -

3. Gravity in 3D

-This QBasic program simulates the gravitational interactions between -spheres in a three-dimensional space. It provides a visual -representation of how spheres might move under the influence of -gravitational forces, offering an educational insight into basic -physics principles. -

- -

-When spheres are far apart, gravity is dominating force. When Distance -between spheres crosses critical threshold, much stronger repulsive -force emerges and becomes dominant. -

- -

-There is also friction. This ensures that after some bouncing, spheres -will reach stable configuration. -

- -

-Source code -

- -

4. Interference

-This QBasic program simulates the interference pattern created by two -sine waves with slightly different frequencies. It visually -demonstrates how wave interference works, which is a fundamental -concept in physics and engineering, particularly in the study of -sound, light, and other wave phenomena. -

- -

-Program combines two waves to create an interference pattern, which is -displayed as a third waveform. -

- -

-Source code -

- -

5. Interferogram

-This QBasic program simulates the interference pattern created by -multiple frequencies interacting with each other. The result is a -visual representation known as an interferogram, which is commonly -used in physics and engineering to analyze wave interactions. -

- - -

- -

-Source code -

- -

6. Surface tension

-This QBasic program simulates the behavior of water spills and the -subsequent effects of surface tension using cellular automata -rules. The simulation models how water spreads and how surface tension -affects the shape of the water body, particularly smoothing out sharp -edges over time. -

- -

-The main loop continuously calculates the next state of each cell -based on the surface tension rules. It uses the Moore neighborhood, -which includes all eight surrounding cells, to determine the state of -each cell in the next iteration. -

- -

-The rules dictate that a water cell survives only if surrounded by a -moderate density of other water cells, while an empty space becomes a -water cell if surrounded by a high density of water cells. -

- - -

- -

-Source code -

- -

7. Wave 1

-This QBasic program simulates the propagation of waves across a -surface. It provides a visual representation of wave dynamics, which -can be both educational and a source of inspiration for those -interested in physics simulations or algorithmic art. -

- -

-The program updates the velocity and height of each point based on the -calculated averages, applying a damping factor to simulate energy -loss. -

- - -

- -

-Source code -

- -

8. Wave 2

-This QBasic program simulates and visualizes the behavior of water -waves on a 2D surface. It creates a dynamic animation of water -disturbed by random rain droplets, demonstrating how waves propagate -and interact with each other. The program is an example of a simple -physics simulation and can serve as an educational tool for -understanding wave mechanics. -

- - -

- -

-Source code -

Created: 2025-08-21 to 21:55

Validate

- - diff --git a/Math/Truth table/index.html b/Math/Truth table/index.html deleted file mode 100644 index f0f9a69..0000000 --- a/Math/Truth table/index.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1683 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - -Truth table calculator - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Truth table calculator

1. Implemented logical operations -
-
2. Examples -
-

See also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_table

- -

-A truth table is a mathematical table used to determine the output of a logic function -based on all possible combinations of inputs. Each row represents a possible state of -the input variables, with the corresponding output value. Truth tables are crucial in -designing and understanding digital circuits, Boolean algebra, and logical expressions. -

- -

1. Implemented logical operations

1.1. Equivalent ( â , 1 )

-The equivalent operation, also known as logical biconditional, is true if and only if -both inputs are the same. In other words, it asserts that both propositions are -either both true or both false. It is often represented by the symbol â. -

- -

-Truth Table: -

- - - - --- -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

A	B	A â B
T	T	T
T	F	F
F	T	F
F	F	T

- -

1.2. Implies ( â , 2 )

-An implication asserts that if the first proposition is true, the -second must be true as well. If the first is false, the implication -holds regardless of the second proposition's value. -

- -

-Truth table: -

- - - - --- -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

A	B	A â B
T	T	T
T	F	F
F	T	T
F	F	T

- -

1.3. OR ( â¨ , 3 )

-The OR operation, also known as logical disjunction, is true if at -least one of the inputs is true. It asserts that if either proposition -is true, the entire expression is true. -

- -

-Truth table: -

- - - - --- -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

A	B	A â¨ B
T	T	T
T	F	T
F	T	T
F	F	F

- -

1.4. AND ( â§ , 4 )

-The AND operation, also known as logical conjunction, is true if and -only if both inputs are true. -

- -

-Truth table: -

- - - - --- -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

A	B	A â§ B
T	T	T
T	F	F
F	T	F
F	F	F

- -

1.5. NOT ( Â¬ , 5 )

-The NOT operation, also known as logical negation, inverts the value -of the input. If the input is true, the output is false, and vice -versa. -

- -

-Truth Table: -

- - - - --- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

A	Â¬A
T	F
F	T

2. Examples

2.1. Example: (A â§ B) â¨ Â¬C

- - - --- -- -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

A	B	C	(A â§ B) â¨ Â¬C
T	T	T	T
T	T	F	T
T	F	T	F
T	F	F	T
F	T	T	F
F	T	F	T
F	F	T	F
F	F	F	T

- -

2.2. Example: A â (B â¨ Â¬C)

- - - --- -- -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

A	B	C	A â (B â¨ Â¬C)
T	T	T	T
T	T	F	T
T	F	T	F
T	F	F	T
F	T	T	T
F	T	F	T
F	F	T	T
F	F	F	T

- -

2.3. Example: (A â B) â§ C

-Truth Table: -

- - - - --- -- -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

A	B	C	(A â B) â§ C
T	T	T	T
T	T	F	F
T	F	T	F
T	F	F	F
F	T	T	F
F	T	F	F
F	F	T	T
F	F	F	F

Created: 2025-08-21 to 21:56

Validate

- - diff --git a/Miscellaneous/Mouse driver/index.html b/Miscellaneous/Mouse driver/index.html deleted file mode 100644 index 95d318f..0000000 --- a/Miscellaneous/Mouse driver/index.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,390 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - -Mouse driver for QBasic programs - - - - - - -

Mouse driver for QBasic programs

1. Overview
2. High-level idea
3. Terminate and Stay Resident module
4. QBasic demonstration program

- -

1. Overview

-QBasic, a popular programming language in the DOS era, lacks native -mouse support. This limitation can be a hurdle for developers looking -to create interactive applications. To bridge this gap, I developed a -workaround that allows QBasic to use mouse input. -

- -

2. High-level idea

-Workaround to access mouse involves a Terminate and Stay Resident -(TSR) program written in x86 assembly. This TSR program must be -started before running QBasic program that depends on mouse. This TSR -program hooks into the system's interrupt mechanism, specifically the -timer interrupt (IRQ 0), allowing it to regularly check for mouse -activity several times per second. -

- -

-When this timer interrupt triggers, the TSR reads the latest mouse's -horizontal and vertical movements and button states using mouse -interrupts. This data is then stored in a dedicated memory location â -a data table within the TSR's memory space. The TSR uses interrupt 79h -as a pointer to this data table, making it accessible to other -programs, including the QBasic application. -

- -

-While QBasic originally is not able to read mouse, it is able to read -(and write) arbitrary location in system RAM. The QBasic demonstration -program begins by retrieving the address of the TSR mouse data table -from the interrupt vector table using interrupt 79h. By checking a -predefined magic number (1983) in the data table, the program confirms -that the mouse driver is loaded. Once verified, the QBasic program -continuously reads mouse data from this shared memory location, while -TSR keeps updating it with latest mouse state simultaneously. -

- -

3. Terminate and Stay Resident module

-A DOS TSR program that hooks into the system's interrupt mechanism to -regularly read mouse input and store it in a dedicated memory -location. -

- -

-Files: -

- - -

-Here is the detailed technical specification for an in-memory table -used to exchange mouse coordinates between a TSR program and a QBasic -program. -

- - - - --- -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Offset	Size (bytes)	Description
0x00	2	Magic Number (1983)
0x02	2	Horizontal Movement (X)
0x04	2	Vertical Movement (Y)
0x06	2	Button Status
0x08	1	Update counter

- -

Update counter: Signals to the QBasic program that new mouse data -is available in the shared memory table. It ensures that the QBasic -program only reads fresh data and avoids processing outdated or -repeated data. When the TSR updates the mouse data, it increments -this flag by 1 to signal the QBasic program that new data is -available. QBasic can compare this number against last retrieved -value. If value has been increased, then there had been update -meanwhile.

- -

4. QBasic demonstration program

-A QBasic program that reads mouse data from the memory location -populated by the TSR and demonstrates mouse movement and button -clicks. -

- - - -

- -

-mousedrv.bas - source code -

- -

-Here are more practical examples where this mouse driver is being -used: Within Space themed 3D graphics, see: -

Galaxy explorer
Universe explorer

Created: 2025-08-21 to 21:56

Validate

- - diff --git a/Networking/Digital data over analog audio/index.html b/Networking/Digital data over analog audio/index.html deleted file mode 100644 index 9914624..0000000 --- a/Networking/Digital data over analog audio/index.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,350 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - -Data over analog audio - - - - - - -

Data over analog audio

1. msg2xi: Text to Sound Encoder
2. xi2msg: Sound to Text Decoder
3. aver

- -

1. msg2xi: Text to Sound Encoder

-msg2xi is a utility designed to encode arbitrary text messages into an -8-bit sound file. This program allows users to convert digital data -into analog audio signals, making it possible to transmit text -messages over traditional analog mediums such as telephone lines or -magnetic tapes. -

- -

-How It Works: The program reads text from an input file, processing -it byte by byte. Each byte is broken down into its constituent bits. -For each bit, a sine wave is generated. Different waveforms represent -'1's and '0's (implementing frequency modulation). The generated -waveforms are combined into a single audio file, encoding the original -text message. A special pure sinewave header tone is added to the -beginning of the audio file to mark the start of the encoded message, -facilitating synchronization during decoding. -

- -

-Download source code: Source code -

- -

2. xi2msg: Sound to Text Decoder

-The xi2msg utility is designed to decode digital information from an -audio file, specifically an 8-bit sound file. This program is part of -a suite of utilities that enable the transmission of digital data over -analog audio mediums, such as telephone lines or magnetic tapes. -

- -

-The xi2msg utility works by analyzing the audio file to locate peaks -between waveforms. It calculates the distance between these peaks to -determine whether each segment represents a '0' or a '1' bit. This -process involves several key steps: -

- -

Header Detection: The program starts by searching for a special -header tone in the audio file. This header tone marks the beginning -of the encoded message and helps synchronize the decoding process.
Peak Analysis: The utility measures the distance between peaks in -the audio waveform. Long distances between peaks are interpreted as -'0' bits, while short distances are interpreted as '1' bits.
Bit Assembly: The detected bits are sequentially assembled into -bytes. Each byte is then converted into its corresponding character.
Output: The decoded message is displayed on the screen and written -to an output file, making it accessible for further use or analysis.

- -

-The program relies on frequency modulation for decoding data, which -was chosen for its resilience to amplitude distortions that can occur -during analog transmission. This makes the utility particularly -effective for decoding messages recorded on cassette tapes or -transmitted over telephone lines. -

- - -

-Download source code: Source code -

- -

3. aver

-The aver.bas utility is designed to reduce noise in digitized audio -files by smoothing out noise peaks, which is particularly beneficial -for audio files transmitted over analog mediums like telephone lines -or magnetic tapes, where noise interference is common. -

- -

-The program starts by asking the user for two critical factors: the -averaging factor and the divide factor. These parameters determine the -intensity of the noise reduction applied. -

- -

-For each byte read from the input file, the program stores the last N -values (where N is the averaging factor). These values are averaged, -and the result is scaled by the divide factor. This averaging -technique helps to smooth out noise spikes in the audio data. -

- -

-The program provides a graphical representation of the original and -smoothed audio. This allows for visual comparison of the original and -processed signals on the screen. The smoothed audio data is written to -an output file, which should have reduced noise compared to the input -file. -

- -

-The program uses command-line input to determine the filenames for -input and output, defaulting to appending .awe to the input filename -for the output file. -

- -

-Download source code: Source code -

Created: 2025-08-21 to 21:57

Validate

- - diff --git a/Networking/LPT communication driver/index.html b/Networking/LPT communication driver/index.html deleted file mode 100644 index bf5d853..0000000 --- a/Networking/LPT communication driver/index.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,606 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - - -LPT Communication Driver - - - - - - -

LPT Communication Driver

1. Overview
2. LPT Communication Driver -
-

- -

1. Overview

-This is weird networking solution. It allows to send data using -parallel LPT port serially(!) by bit-banging between two connected -computers :) -

- -

-Out of 25 physical wires in LPT port, only 3 are used: -

- -

Pin 14: Carries a synchronization signal which uses a periodic -pattern (e.g., 010101…) to maintain timing alignment between the -communicating computers.
Pin 17: Functions as the bidirectional data line, responsible for -transmitting and receiving data between the connected computers.
Pin 18: Acts as the ground connection, providing a common -reference for electrical signals to ensure consistency in -communication.

- - -

- -

-By utilizing only three wires and software controlled bit-banging -algorithm, custom, comparatively simple, cheap and long cable can be -built to connect 2 computers in a DIY network setup. -

- -

2. LPT Communication Driver

2.1. Overview

-The LPT Communication Driver is a Terminate and Stay Resident (TSR) -driver designed to facilitate communication between computers using -parallel printer ports (LPT). This driver uses bit-banging to send and -receive data serially over the LPT port, utilizing only three wires -for communication. -

- -

-Driver hooks into the system's IRQ 0 to ensure that system timer -always keeps executing it in the background. While operating as a -background process, it periodically monitors LPT port to detect -incoming transmission. When transmission is detected, driver receives, -decodes and stores it into preallocated 5000 byte receive buffer. -

- -

-Applications can then communicate with the driver on their own -schedule using INT 63h to poll for and retrieve received messages, if -any. Applications can also send outgoing messages into 5000 byte -driver outbox memory buffer. Thereafter driver will transmit those -messages in background mode over the wire. -

- -

-The driver is half-duplex: it prioritizes receiving over sending and -does not transmit while receiving. -

- -

-During active transmission/reception, the driver can consume 100% CPU -due to busy-wait loops in the IRQ handler, potentially causing random -temporary hiccups for application running in the -foreground. Unsuitable for real-time systems. -

- -

-Download: -

Source code: lptdrv.asm
Compiled binary: lptdrv.com

- -

2.2. Data transmission implementation details

-When there is incoming data transmission, the TSR driver detects it -during its periodic execution in the IRQ 0 (timer) handler, which runs -approximately every 55ms. -

- -

-Driver checks for possible transmission comparatively rarely (every 55 -ms) and for this reason it is important to have quite long -transmission start indicator/header before actual data is sent. This -allows long enough time for recipient computer communication driver to -detect that transmission line is active and start listening to it now -in exclusive busy-wait loop. So, the TSR driver steals 100% of the CPU -for the duration of transmission. -

- -

-The start of transmission is detected by reading the port (37Ah) -value, and checking if bit 3 of the raw input is high. It then enters -a "skip header" loop. Once bit 1 goes low, bit reception begins. The -end is detected via a timeout: during bit reception, a counter -increments on each poll. If there is no change in the port value for -30 consecutive polls (indicating no new bit transition), it assumes -the transmission is complete, appends a 2-byte length to the receive -buffer, and exits the routine. -

- -

-So, both receive and send routines execute within the IRQ 0 handler -using busy-wait polling loops (for receive) or timed output loops (for -send). These can hold the CPU for the full duration of a transmission, -as the handler does not yield until complete. -

- -

-It bit-bangs data by treating the LPT control port (37Ah) as both -output and input, using bit 3 (pin 17, data line) for the serial data -bit and bit 1 (pin 14, sync line) for a clock that alternates (low on -even bit indices, high on odd) to signal transitions. -

- -

-For sending: the port is first set to 0xFF (all bits high) as a -header, held for ~110ms (2 timer ticks). -

- -

-For receiving: after start detection, it polls the port for value -changes (transitions). On each change, it reads the port again (to -ensure that synchronization bit did not arrive ahead data bit over the -separate physical wire), extracts bit 3 as the data bit, shifts it -into a byte accumulator, and resets the timeout counter. Once a full -byte is accumulated, it stores it in the receive buffer. No ACK or -error checking. -

- -

-Driver can receive multiple transmissions into its 5000-byte receive -buffer before the client program reads it out. Each incoming -transmission appends its data bytes followed by a 2-byte length word -directly to the end of the buffer (updating dbufsiz to the new total -used). As long as the cumulative size doesn't exceed 5000 bytes, -multiple can queue up. The buffer acts as a FIFO for concatenated -packets; overflows are not handled (it would corrupt without -checks). The client retrieves the entire buffer contents at once when -polling. -

- -

-When the client program reads received data from the TSR (via INT 63h -AH=2), the driver copies the full buffer contents (up to dbufsiz -bytes) to the client's specified ES:DI pointer, returns the byte count -in AX, and immediately resets dbufsiz to 0, clearing the buffer. This -ensures the data is not served again on subsequent reads, as the -buffer is emptied after each retrieval. If no data is available, AX=0 -is returned. -

- -

2.3. Driver API

-The driver uses INT 63h for its API, with functions selected via the -AH register. It maintains two internal buffers: -

- -

Download Buffer: 5000 bytes for incoming (received) data. Multiple -transmissions can be queued here, each appended with a 2-byte length -footer.
Upload Buffer: 5000 bytes for outgoing (to-be-sent) data. Data is -copied here and transmitted when the line is free.

- - -

-Communication is polling-based for applications; the driver handles -transmission/reception in the background. -

- -

-No error checking, acknowledgments, or flow control; it's a simple, -unidirectional-per-turn protocol. -

- -

-To use the driver: -

Load the TSR (e.g., run lptdrv.com).
Activate it via the API.
Poll for received data or queue sends as needed.
Deactivate when done.

- -

-API overview: -

- - - --- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

AH register	API function
0	Deactivate the driver
1	Activate the driver
2	Retrieve downloaded data from the driver's input buffer
3	Upload data to the driver's output buffer for transmission

- -

2.3.1. Deactivate the driver

-Disables the driver, stopping background monitoring and -transmission. The LPT port is reset (set to 0). -

- -

AH: 0
Parameters: None
Returns: None
Side Effects: Clears the enabled flag.
Usage Notes: Call this before unloading the TSR or when -communication is no longer needed to free system resources.

- -

2.3.2. Activate the driver

-Enables the driver, starting background LPT port monitoring for -incoming data. The LPT port is reset (set to 0) upon activation. -

- -

AH: 1
Parameters: None
Returns: None
Side Effects: Sets the enabled flag. Existing buffer contents are -preserved.
Usage Notes: Must be called after loading the TSR and before any -send/receive operations. Can be called multiple times; redundant -activations are harmless.

- -

2.3.3. Retrieve downloaded data from the driver's input buffer

-Copies all accumulated received data from the driver's download buffer -to the caller's memory location and clears the buffer. -

- -

AH : 2
Parameters : -
- ES:DI : Pointer to the buffer where received data should be -copied (must be large enough to hold up to 5000 bytes).
Returns : -
- AX : Number of bytes copied (0 if no data available).
Side Effects : Resets the download buffer size to 0, preventing -re-retrieval of the same data.
Usage Notes : -
- Data is retrieved as a concatenated stream of all queued -transmissions.
- Each transmission in the buffer ends with a 2-byte length word -(little-endian) indicating its payload size (excluding the length -itself).
- Poll this function periodically in a loop to check for new data.
- If AX=0, no copy occurs.
- Example: In assembly, set ES:DI to your receive buffer and call -INT 63h; then process AX bytes if >0.

- -

2.3.4. Upload data to the driver's output buffer for transmission

-Copies the specified data to the driver's upload buffer for background -transmission. Transmission occurs when the line is free (no incoming -data). -

- -

AH : 3
Parameters : -
- DS:SI : Pointer to the data to upload.
- CX : Number of bytes to upload (must not exceed remaining upload -buffer space; no checks performed).
Returns : None
Side Effects : Appends data to the upload buffer and updates its -size. Transmission is asynchronous.
Usage Notes : -
- Data is sent as a single transmission (no automatic framing; -caller can add headers if needed).
- If the buffer is full (total >5000 bytes), behavior is undefined -(overflow).
- Multiple calls can queue data sequentially in the buffer.
- Transmission starts in the next IRQ 0 tick if the line is idle.
- The driver adds no footer; the receiver sees exactly the sent bytes.
- Example: Load DS:SI with your message, CX with length, call INT -63h; the driver handles sending.

Created: 2025-08-21 to 21:57

Validate

- - diff --git a/Tools/Update web site b/Tools/Update web site index f162ed4..a623149 100755 --- a/Tools/Update web site +++ b/Tools/Update web site @@ -4,49 +4,75 @@ cd .. # Function to export org to html using emacs in batch mode export_org_to_html() { - local dir=$1 - if [ -d "$dir" ]; then - ( - cd "$dir" || return 1 - if [ -f "index.html" ]; then - rm -f index.html - fi - if [ -f "index.org" ]; then - emacs --batch -l ~/.emacs --visit=index.org --funcall=org-html-export-to-html --kill + local org_file=$1 + local dir=$(dirname "$org_file") + + ( + cd "$dir" || return 1 + local html_file="index.html" + + # Remove existing index.html if it exists + if [ -f "$html_file" ]; then + rm -f "$html_file" + fi + + # Export org to html + if [ -f "index.org" ]; then + echo "Exporting: $dir/index.org â $html_file" + emacs --batch -l ~/.emacs --visit=index.org --funcall=org-html-export-to-html --kill + if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then + echo "â Successfully exported $dir" else - echo "Warning: index.org not found in $dir" + echo "â Failed to export $dir" fi - ) - else - echo "Warning: Directory $dir not found, skipping..." - fi + else + echo "Warning: index.org not found in $dir" + fi + ) } +echo "ð Searching for index.org files recursively..." +echo "=======================================" -# Export org to html for the main index -export_org_to_html "." +# Find all index.org files recursively (including current directory) +# Use -path to match exactly "*/index.org" pattern +mapfile -t ORG_FILES < <(find . -type f -path "*/index.org" | sort) -# 2D graphics -export_org_to_html "2D GFX/Animations" -export_org_to_html "2D GFX/Fractals" -export_org_to_html "2D GFX/Spirals" -export_org_to_html "2D GFX/Textures" +if [ ${#ORG_FILES[@]} -eq 0 ]; then + echo "â No index.org files found!" + echo "" + echo "Press ENTER to close this window." + read + exit 1 +fi -export_org_to_html "3D GFX/3D Synthezier/doc" -export_org_to_html "3D GFX/Miscellaneous" -export_org_to_html "3D GFX/Space" +echo "Found ${#ORG_FILES[@]} index.org file(s):" +printf '%s\n' "${ORG_FILES[@]}" +echo "=======================================" -export_org_to_html "Math/Plotting" -export_org_to_html "Math/Simulation" -export_org_to_html "Math/Truth table" +# Export all found org files +SUCCESS_COUNT=0 +FAILED_COUNT=0 -export_org_to_html "Miscellaneous/Mouse driver" +for org_file in "${ORG_FILES[@]}"; do + export_org_to_html "$org_file" + if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then + ((SUCCESS_COUNT++)) + else + ((FAILED_COUNT++)) + fi +done -export_org_to_html "Networking/Digital data over analog audio" -export_org_to_html "Networking/LPT communication driver" +echo "=======================================" +echo "ð SUMMARY:" +echo " â Successful: $SUCCESS_COUNT" +echo " â Failed: $FAILED_COUNT" +echo " Total: $((SUCCESS_COUNT + FAILED_COUNT))" +echo "" -# Upload project homepage to the server. -rsync -avz --delete -e 'ssh -p 10006' ./ \ +# Upload project homepage to the server (same as before) +echo "ð¤ Uploading to server..." +rsync -avz --delete -e 'ssh -p 10006' ./ \ --include="*/" \ --include="*.html" \ --include="*.png" \ @@ -60,7 +86,12 @@ rsync -avz --delete -e 'ssh -p 10006' ./ \ --exclude="*" \ n0@www3.svjatoslav.eu:/mnt/big/projects/qbasicapps/ +if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then + echo "â Upload completed successfully!" +else + echo "â Upload failed!" +fi echo "" echo "Press ENTER to close this window." -read +read \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Tutorial/index.html b/Tutorial/index.html deleted file mode 100644 index 459b8ee..0000000 --- a/Tutorial/index.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,16 +0,0 @@ - -QBasic tutorial - - - -

QBasic tutorial

-
-
-
QBasic tutorial. -Is a good for those who like to learn by example. -Package contains a lot of tiny self explainatory -examples quiding you from simplest operations like printing -to console, functions and array access to 2D and 3D graphics. -
Used those successfully as examples when teaching programming for beginners. - - \ No newline at end of file

Fractals

Table of Contents

1. Fractal circles

2. Fractal circles animated

3. Fractal of squares

4. Fractal of squares animated

5. Fractal of trees

Spiral series

Table of Contents

1. Spiral with increasing density

2. Spiral with varying height

3. Shaded spiral

4. Sphere forming spiral

5. Textured spherical spiral

6. Textured and shaded spherical spiral

Algorithmic textures

Table of Contents

1. Circular waves

2. Diamond square clouds

3. Old paper

4. Wood

5. Yellow flame

3D Synthezier

Table of Contents

1. Operating principle

1.1. Rectangular city

1.2. Hexagonal city

2. Scene description language

2.1. here

2.2. p

2.3. f

2.4. warn

2.5. end

2.6. mtl

2.7. mtlrnd

2.8. obj

2.9. rnd

2.10. #

2.11. out

2.12. set

2.13. variables usage

2.14. cmp

2.15. ?

2.16. dum

3. Installation

3.1. System requirements

3.2. Directory layout

4. Usage

Miscellaneous 3D graphics demos

Table of Contents

1. Rotating exclamation mark

2. 3D bouncing ball

3. 3D text in a room

4. 3D bouncing cubes on grid floor

5. Matrix math for rotation in 3D space

6. Maze explorer

7. Tank animation

8. Tiled room

Universe Explorer

Space themed 3D graphics

Table of Contents

1. Galaxy explorer

2. Rocket simulator

3. Stars

4. Universe explorer

Plotting

Table of Contents

1. 2D graph

2. 3D graph

3. Deriviative calculator

4. Sine and cosine table

Simulation

Table of Contents

1. Explosion simulator

2. Gravity in 2D

3. Gravity in 3D

4. Interference

5. Interferogram

6. Surface tension

7. Wave 1

1.1. Equivalent ( â , 1 )

1.2. Implies ( â , 2 )

1.3. OR ( â¨ , 3 )

1.4. AND ( â§ , 4 )

2.1. Example: (A â§ B) â¨ Â¬C

2.2. Example: A â (B â¨ Â¬C)

2.3. Example: (A â B) â§ C