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-<div id="content" class="content">
-<h1 class="title">Fifth - virtual machine</h1>
-<div id="table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
-<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
-<div id="text-table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
-<ul>
-<li><a href="#org5215c98">1. Instructions overview</a>
-<ul>
-<li><a href="#orgad315b0">1.1. kbd@ - read scancode of pressed or released key</a></li>
-<li><a href="#org944323a">1.2. vidput - put image1 into image2, at location x, y</a></li>
-<li><a href="#org5b4d781">1.3. cmove - copy memory array</a></li>
-<li><a href="#orgb1e3963">1.4. tvidput - put image with transparency support</a></li>
-<li><a href="#orgac6e38a">1.5. charput - draw text character</a></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-</div>
-<p>
-Current emulator emulates:
-</p>
-<ul class="org-ul">
-<li>1 CPU.</li>
-<li>It has 2 stacks</li>
-<li>~50 instructions</li>
-<li>4GB flat address space (theoretically).</li>
-</ul>
-
-
-<p>
-While I tried to keep instruction set simple, I was forced to put in
-some complex instructions to make performance acceptable on
-emulator.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-CPU has following registers:
-</p>
-<dl class="org-dl">
-<dt>IP</dt><dd>instruction pointer</dd>
-<dt>DSP</dt><dd>data stack pointer</dd>
-<dt>RSP</dt><dd>return stack pointer</dd>
-</dl>
-
-<div id="outline-container-org5215c98" class="outline-2">
-<h2 id="org5215c98"><span class="section-number-2">1.</span> Instructions overview</h2>
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
-<p>
-Virtual CPU, commands (most of them are avaiable as ordinary commands
-in programming language):
-</p>
-
-
-<table border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" rules="groups" frame="hsides">
-
-
-<colgroup>
-<col class="org-right" />
-
-<col class="org-left" />
-
-<col class="org-left" />
-
-<col class="org-left" />
-</colgroup>
-<thead>
-<tr>
-<th scope="col" class="org-right">#</th>
-<th scope="col" class="org-left">name</th>
-<th scope="col" class="org-left">stack footprint</th>
-<th scope="col" class="org-left">description</th>
-</tr>
-</thead>
-<tbody>
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">0</td>
-<td class="org-left">nop</td>
-<td class="org-left">--</td>
-<td class="org-left">does nothing</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">1</td>
-<td class="org-left">halt</td>
-<td class="org-left">--</td>
-<td class="org-left">halt CPU ( return to DOS on emulator )</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">2</td>
-<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgad315b0">kbd@</a></td>
-<td class="org-left">– c</td>
-<td class="org-left">read scancode of pressed or released key</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">3</td>
-<td class="org-left">num <dword></td>
-<td class="org-left">– n</td>
-<td class="org-left">put immidiate number into datastack</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">4</td>
-<td class="org-left">jmp <dword></td>
-<td class="org-left">--</td>
-<td class="org-left">jump to specified code</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">5</td>
-<td class="org-left">call <dword></td>
-<td class="org-left"> </td>
-<td class="org-left">jump to specified code, save return address to return stack</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">6</td>
-<td class="org-left">1+</td>
-<td class="org-left">n – n+1</td>
-<td class="org-left"> </td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">7</td>
-<td class="org-left">1-</td>
-<td class="org-left">n – n-1</td>
-<td class="org-left"> </td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">8</td>
-<td class="org-left">dup</td>
-<td class="org-left">n – n n</td>
-<td class="org-left">duplicate top of data stack</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">9</td>
-<td class="org-left">drop</td>
-<td class="org-left">n --</td>
-<td class="org-left">drop last element in data stack</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">10</td>
-<td class="org-left">if <dword></td>
-<td class="org-left">n --</td>
-<td class="org-left">jump to addr if top element was 0</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">11</td>
-<td class="org-left">ret</td>
-<td class="org-left"> </td>
-<td class="org-left">jump to code, specified in return stack.</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">12</td>
-<td class="org-left">c@</td>
-<td class="org-left">addr – n</td>
-<td class="org-left">read byte from memory at specified address</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">13</td>
-<td class="org-left">c!</td>
-<td class="org-left">n addr --</td>
-<td class="org-left">store byte to specified memory</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">14</td>
-<td class="org-left">push</td>
-<td class="org-left">DSTK -> RSTK</td>
-<td class="org-left">move top of datastack to returnstack</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">15</td>
-<td class="org-left">pop</td>
-<td class="org-left">RSTK -> DSTK</td>
-<td class="org-left">move top of returnstack to datastack</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">16</td>
-<td class="org-left"><unused></td>
-<td class="org-left"> </td>
-<td class="org-left"> </td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">17</td>
-<td class="org-left">rot</td>
-<td class="org-left">n1 n2 n3 – n2 n3 n1</td>
-<td class="org-left">rotate stack elements</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">18</td>
-<td class="org-left">disk@</td>
-<td class="org-left">FromDiskSect ToMem --</td>
-<td class="org-left">read 1KB from disk into RAM</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">19</td>
-<td class="org-left">disk!</td>
-<td class="org-left">FromMem ToDiskSect --</td>
-<td class="org-left">write 1KB to disk</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">20</td>
-<td class="org-left">@</td>
-<td class="org-left">addr – n</td>
-<td class="org-left">read 32 bit number from memory</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">21</td>
-<td class="org-left">!</td>
-<td class="org-left">n addr --</td>
-<td class="org-left">store 32 bit number to memory</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">22</td>
-<td class="org-left">over</td>
-<td class="org-left">n1 n2 – n1 n2 n1</td>
-<td class="org-left"> </td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">23</td>
-<td class="org-left">swap</td>
-<td class="org-left">n1 n2 – n2 n1</td>
-<td class="org-left"> </td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">24</td>
-<td class="org-left">+</td>
-<td class="org-left">n1 n2 – n1+n2</td>
-<td class="org-left"> </td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">25</td>
-<td class="org-left">-</td>
-<td class="org-left">n1 n2 – n1-n2</td>
-<td class="org-left"> </td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">26</td>
-<td class="org-left">*</td>
-<td class="org-left">n1 n2 – n1*n2</td>
-<td class="org-left"> </td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">27</td>
-<td class="org-left">/</td>
-<td class="org-left">n1 n2 – n1/n2</td>
-<td class="org-left"> </td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">28</td>
-<td class="org-left">></td>
-<td class="org-left">n1 n2 – result</td>
-<td class="org-left">is true when n1 > n2</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">29</td>
-<td class="org-left"><</td>
-<td class="org-left">n1 n2 – result</td>
-<td class="org-left">is true when n1 < n2</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">30</td>
-<td class="org-left">not</td>
-<td class="org-left">n1 – not_n1</td>
-<td class="org-left">logical not</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">31</td>
-<td class="org-left">i</td>
-<td class="org-left">– n</td>
-<td class="org-left">copies top of return stack into datastack</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">32</td>
-<td class="org-left">cprt@</td>
-<td class="org-left">addr – n</td>
-<td class="org-left">read one byte from hardware port</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">33</td>
-<td class="org-left">cprt!</td>
-<td class="org-left">n addr --</td>
-<td class="org-left">store one byte to hardware port</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">34</td>
-<td class="org-left">i2</td>
-<td class="org-left">– n</td>
-<td class="org-left">like "i" but takes second top stack element</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">35</td>
-<td class="org-left">i3</td>
-<td class="org-left">– n</td>
-<td class="org-left">like "i" but takes third top stack element.</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">36</td>
-<td class="org-left">shl</td>
-<td class="org-left">n amount – n</td>
-<td class="org-left">left bit shift</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">37</td>
-<td class="org-left">shr</td>
-<td class="org-left">n amount – n</td>
-<td class="org-left">right bit shift</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">38</td>
-<td class="org-left">or</td>
-<td class="org-left">n1 n2 – n</td>
-<td class="org-left">logical or</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">39</td>
-<td class="org-left">xor</td>
-<td class="org-left">n1 n2 – n</td>
-<td class="org-left">exclusive logical or</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">40</td>
-<td class="org-left">vidmap</td>
-<td class="org-left">addr --</td>
-<td class="org-left">copy memory from "addr" to video memory.</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">41</td>
-<td class="org-left">mouse@</td>
-<td class="org-left">– x y button</td>
-<td class="org-left">read mouse coordinates & buttons</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">42</td>
-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org944323a">vidput</a></td>
-<td class="org-left">addr1 addr2 x y --</td>
-<td class="org-left">put image1 into image2, at location x, y</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">43</td>
-<td class="org-left"><a href="#org5b4d781">cmove</a></td>
-<td class="org-left">addr1 addr2 amount</td>
-<td class="org-left">move memory from addr1 to addr2</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">44</td>
-<td class="org-left">cfill</td>
-<td class="org-left">c addr amount --</td>
-<td class="org-left">fill memory starting at "addr" with "c" bytes.</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">45</td>
-<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgb1e3963">tvidput</a></td>
-<td class="org-left">addr1 addr2 x y --</td>
-<td class="org-left">put image with transparency support</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">46</td>
-<td class="org-left">depth</td>
-<td class="org-left">– depth</td>
-<td class="org-left">returns current depth of data stack.</td>
-</tr>
-
-<tr>
-<td class="org-right">47</td>
-<td class="org-left"><a href="#orgac6e38a">charput</a></td>
-<td class="org-left">colorfg colorbg addrsrc addrdest x y</td>
-<td class="org-left">draw text character</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-<div id="outline-container-orgad315b0" class="outline-3">
-<h3 id="orgad315b0"><span class="section-number-3">1.1.</span> kbd@ - read scancode of pressed or released key</h3>
-<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-1">
-<p>
-Returns 0 if no data available.
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div id="outline-container-org944323a" class="outline-3">
-<h3 id="org944323a"><span class="section-number-3">1.2.</span> vidput - put image1 into image2, at location x, y</h3>
-<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-2">
-<p>
-Does clipping, so part of a big image can be mapped into smaller one.
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div id="outline-container-org5b4d781" class="outline-3">
-<h3 id="org5b4d781"><span class="section-number-3">1.3.</span> cmove - copy memory array</h3>
-<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-3">
-<p>
-Move memory from addr1 to addr2. If addr1 is greater than addr2 then
-count address foward while moving, elseway starts from end and counts
-backwards, so no data loss occurs when memory regions partially
-overlap.
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div id="outline-container-orgb1e3963" class="outline-3">
-<h3 id="orgb1e3963"><span class="section-number-3">1.4.</span> tvidput - put image with transparency support</h3>
-<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-4">
-<p>
-Stack footprint
-</p>
-<pre class="example">
-addr1 addr2 x y --
-</pre>
-
-
-<p>
-Put image1 into image2, at location x, y with transparency support
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Color 255 in source image is treated as transparent.
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div id="outline-container-orgac6e38a" class="outline-3">
-<h3 id="orgac6e38a"><span class="section-number-3">1.5.</span> charput - draw text character</h3>
-<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-5">
-<p>
-Draw character to image buffer located at "addrdest" to specified x &
-y location. Decodes 8 bytes from source to bits, used to draw
-character.
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div id="postamble" class="status">
-<p class="author">Author: Svjatoslav Agejenko</p>
-<p class="date">Created: 2023-09-18 Mon 01:46</p>
-<p class="validation"><a href="https://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer">Validate</a></p>
-</div>
-</body>
-</html>
projects / fifth.git / commitdiff