-' klahv F5 programmi k\84ivitamiseks\r
-' klavisha F5 dlja zapuska programmx\r
-' press F5 to run program\r
-\r
-PRINT "Hello world!"\r
-\r
+' This program demonstrates a basic "Hello World" example in QuickBasic.
+' It is designed to be simple and easy to understand for novice programmers.
+
+' The following line prints a greeting message to the console.
+PRINT "Hello world!"
+
+' When you run this program, it will output the string "Hello world!" to the screen.
+' This is a traditional first step in learning any new programming language.
+
+' To execute this program, press F5 while in the QuickBasic editor environment.
-CLS\r
-\r
-a = 3\r
-PRINT a\r
-\r
-a = a * 2\r
-PRINT a\r
-\r
-a = a - 1\r
-PRINT a\r
-\r
+' This QuickBasic program demonstrates basic arithmetic operations
+' and the use of variables. It will perform a series of calculations
+' on a single variable and print the results after each operation.
+
+CLS ' Clears the screen to provide a clean output area
+
+' Initialize a variable with the value 3
+DIM initialValue AS INTEGER
+initialValue = 3
+
+' Print the current value of initialValue
+PRINT "The initial value is: "; initialValue
+
+' Perform multiplication and assign the result back to initialValue
+initialValue = initialValue * 2
+
+' Print the new value after multiplication
+PRINT "After doubling, the value is: "; initialValue
+
+' Perform subtraction and decrease initialValue by 1
+initialValue = initialValue - 1
+
+' Print the final value after subtraction
+PRINT "After decrementing by 1, the value is: "; initialValue
-CLS\r
-\r
-a = 7\r
-\r
-PRINT "A contains:"; a\r
-\r
-PRINT "Some calculations:"; (a + 2.1234) / 3 * 4 - 6\r
-\r
-\r
-\r
+' This program demonstrates basic arithmetic operations in QuickBasic
+
+CLS ' Clears the screen to provide a clean output area
+
+' Declare a variable 'a' and assign it the value of 7
+DIM a AS INTEGER
+a = 7
+
+' Print the current value of 'a' to the console
+PRINT "The value contained in variable 'a' is: "; a
+
+' Perform a series of arithmetic operations on the value of 'a'
+' and print the result
+PRINT "Performing some calculations with 'a':";
+PRINT (a + 2.1234) / 3 * 4 - 6
+
+' Explanation of the calculation:
+' 1. Add 2.1234 to 'a'
+' 2. Divide the result by 3
+' 3. Multiply the new result by 4
+' 4. Subtract 6 from the final result
-CLS ' this command clears the screen\r
+' This program demonstrates how to use semicolon and comma as separators\r
+' in PRINT statements within Microsoft QuickBasic.\r
+\r
+CLS ' Clears the screen before starting the program\r
+\r
+' Semicolon Separator Example\r
+\r
+' The semicolon is used to print multiple items on the same line, without\r
+' advancing to a new line after each item. It is useful for formatting output\r
+' in a single line of text.\r
\r
PRINT "Semicolon separator:"\r
-PRINT 12; 314; 122; 1; 43\r
-PRINT 312; 4; 1; 3111; 3\r
-PRINT 3; 2344; 12231; 1; 12333\r
+PRINT 12; 314; 122; 1; 43 ' Prints numbers separated by semicolons on the same line\r
+PRINT 312; 4; 1; 3111; 3 ' Continues printing more numbers on the next line\r
+PRINT 3; 2344; 12231; 1; 12333 ' Final set of numbers printed on the last line\r
\r
-PRINT ' prints empty lines\r
-PRINT\r
+' Print an empty line for better readability\r
+PRINT ' This statement prints an empty line to separate different sections\r
+\r
+' Comma Separator Example\r
+\r
+' The comma is used as a separator in PRINT statements to print multiple items,\r
+' each followed by a space and advancing to the next tab column (default is 14\r
+' characters apart). If there are more items than columns, it will start\r
+' a new line.\r
\r
PRINT "Comma separator:"\r
-PRINT 12, 314, 122, 1, 43\r
-PRINT 312, 4, 1, 3111, 3\r
-PRINT 3, 2344, 12231, 1, 12333\r
+PRINT 12, 314, 122, 1, 43 ' Prints numbers separated by commas, with spacing\r
+PRINT 312, 4, 1, 3111, 3 ' Numbers are printed in tabular form\r
+PRINT 3, 2344, 12231, 1, 12333 ' Continues the tabular output\r
+\r
+' End of program\r
+END ' This statement marks the end of the QuickBasic program\r
\r
-INPUT "Please enter a number:", num\r
-\r
-\r
-PRINT "You entered:"; num\r
-\r
+' This program prompts the user to enter a number and then prints that number back to the screen.
+' It demonstrates basic input/output operations in QuickBasic.
+
+DEFINT A-Z ' Declare all variables as integers for simplicity
+
+' Declare a variable to store the user's input
+DIM num AS INTEGER
+
+' Use the INPUT statement to prompt the user and read their input
+PRINT "Please enter a number:";
+INPUT num
+
+' Print a message to the screen along with the entered number
+PRINT "You entered: "; num
+
+' End of program
+END
-PRINT "**** Quess a number game ****"\r
-\r
-1\r
-INPUT "enter a number:", n\r
-\r
-IF n = 5 THEN GOTO 2\r
-IF n < 5 THEN PRINT "try a bigger number"\r
-IF n > 5 THEN PRINT "try a smaller number"\r
-\r
-GOTO 1\r
-\r
-2\r
-PRINT "Correct!!!"\r
-\r
+REM **** Guess a Number Game ****
+
+DEFINT A-Z ' Define all variables as integers for performance and clarity
+
+' Main game loop
+DO
+ ' Prompt the user to enter a number
+ INPUT "Enter a number between 1 and 10: "; guess
+
+ ' Check if the user guessed the correct number
+ IF guess = 5 THEN
+ ' If the guess is correct, congratulate the user and exit the loop
+ PRINT "Correct!!! You've guessed the secret number."
+ EXIT DO
+ ELSEIF guess < 5 THEN
+ ' If the guess is too low, prompt the user to try a higher number
+ PRINT "Try a bigger number."
+ ELSEIF guess > 5 THEN
+ ' If the guess is too high, prompt the user to try a lower number
+ PRINT "Try a smaller number."
+ END IF
+LOOP
+
+' End of the program
+PRINT "Thank you for playing! Goodbye."
+END
-CLS\r
-\r
-1\r
-\r
-a = a + 1\r
-PRINT "current:"; a\r
-\r
-IF a < 10 THEN GOTO 1\r
-\r
+CLS ' Clear the screen
+
+' This program demonstrates a simple counting loop in QuickBasic.
+' It will print the current value of 'a' and increment it by 1 each time.
+' The loop continues until 'a' is no longer less than 10.
+
+DIM a AS INTEGER ' Declare variable 'a' as an integer
+
+' Initialize the counter variable 'a' to start at 1
+a = 1
+
+' Start of the counting loop
+DO WHILE a < 10
+ ' Print the current value of 'a' with a label
+ PRINT "current:"; a
+
+ ' Increment 'a' by 1
+ a = a + 1
+LOOP
+
+' The program will end after the loop finishes
+END
-CLS\r
-\r
-FOR i = 1 TO 10\r
- PRINT "current:"; i\r
-NEXT i\r
-\r
+' This program demonstrates a simple FOR loop in Microsoft QuickBasic
+
+CLS ' Clears the screen, preparing it for output
+
+' We are about to use a FOR loop to print numbers from 1 to 10
+FOR i = 1 TO 10 ' Initialize a counter variable 'i' starting at 1
+ ' For each iteration of the loop, print the current value of 'i'
+ PRINT "current: "; i ' Outputs the message with the current number
+NEXT i ' Increment 'i' by 1 and repeat the loop until 'i' is no longer less than or equal to 10
+
+' The program has now finished executing and will end
+END ' This marks the end of the QuickBasic program
-CLS\r
-\r
-FOR i = 100 TO 1000 STEP 50\r
- PRINT "current:"; i\r
- SOUND i, 1 ' makes sound <frequency, length>\r
-NEXT i\r
-\r
+' This program demonstrates how to use a FOR loop and the SOUND statement
+' in QuickBasic. It plays a series of tones at increasing frequencies
+' from 100 Hz to 1000 Hz, in steps of 50 Hz, with each tone lasting for
+' one duration unit as defined by the SOUND statement.
+
+CLS ' Clears the screen before starting the program
+
+' Initialize the frequency variable to the starting value
+LET frequency = 100
+
+' Loop from the initial frequency (100 Hz) to the maximum frequency (1000 Hz),
+' increasing by 50 Hz on each iteration
+FOR frequency = 100 TO 1000 STEP 50
+ ' Print the current frequency value to the console
+ PRINT "Current Frequency:"; frequency; " Hz"
+
+ ' Play a sound at the specified frequency and duration
+ ' The SOUND statement takes two arguments: frequency and duration
+ SOUND frequency, 1 ' The duration is set to 1 (shortest possible sound)
+NEXT frequency
+
+' End of program execution
+END
-CLS\r
+REM This program demonstrates how to generate random numbers\r
+REM and use them to create sound effects in QuickBasic.\r
\r
-FOR i = 1 TO 20\r
+CLS ' Clear the screen before starting the program\r
\r
- n = RND * 1000 ' generate random numbers 0 -- 999.9(9)\r
- PRINT "random number:"; n\r
- SOUND n + 40, 1\r
+' Define constants for the range of random numbers\r
+FOR i = 1 TO 20 ' Loop 20 times to generate and play 20 random sounds\r
+ ' Generate a random floating-point number between LOWER_BOUND and UPPER_BOUND\r
+ n = RND * 1000\r
+ ' Print the generated random number to the screen\r
+ PRINT "Random number: "; n\r
+\r
+ ' Play a sound with a frequency based on the random number\r
+ ' The QuickBasic SOUND statement takes two arguments: frequency and duration\r
+ ' We add 40 to the random number to shift the frequency range\r
+ ' so that it is more audible\r
+ SOUND n + 40, 1 ' Play the sound for a short duration (1/89th of a second)\r
\r
NEXT i\r
\r
+END ' End the program\r
+\r
-WIDTH 80, 50 ' set small text fonts\r
+' This example program demonstrates how to use the WIDTH and COLOR\r
+' statements in QuickBasic to change the text font size and text colors.\r
\r
+' Set the text window to a smaller font size suitable for displaying\r
+' 50 lines of text within an 80-column width.\r
+WIDTH 80, 50\r
\r
-FOR a = 0 TO 31\r
- \r
- COLOR a ' set text color, each color is defined by it's number\r
- ' colors from 16 to 31 are blinking.\r
+' Define constants for the number of colors available in standard\r
+' QuickBasic color palette.\r
+CONST NumColors = 32\r
\r
- PRINT "This is text color nr."; a\r
+' Loop through all possible colors (0 to 31) and display a message\r
+' with each color to illustrate the different text color options.\r
+FOR colorIndex = 0 TO NumColors - 1\r
+ ' Set the current text color using the COLOR statement.\r
+ ' Colors range from 0 to 15 are solid, while colors 16 to 31\r
+ ' will blink slowly or quickly depending on the terminal.\r
+ COLOR colorIndex\r
\r
-NEXT a\r
+ ' Print a message indicating which color number is currently being used.\r
+ ' Note that color numbers 16 and above will produce blinking text.\r
+ PRINT "This is text color number "; colorIndex; "."\r
\r
+NEXT colorIndex\r
\r
-CLS\r
-\r
-COLOR 14\r
-LOCATE 1, 50 ' set cursor location to specified <row, column>\r
-PRINT "Yellow text at 1, 50"\r
-\r
-COLOR 12\r
-LOCATE 6, 5\r
-PRINT "Pink text at 6, 5"\r
-\r
-COLOR 10\r
-LOCATE 20, 40\r
-PRINT "Green text at 20, 40"\r
-\r
-\r
-\r
+' This program demonstrates how to use the COLOR statement and LOCATE function
+' in Microsoft QuickBasic to change the text color and cursor position
+' on the console screen.
+
+CLS ' Clears the screen before starting
+
+' Set the text color to yellow (color code 14) and position the cursor
+' at row 1, column 50. Then print a message at that location.
+COLOR 14
+LOCATE 1, 50 ' Sets the cursor location to <row=1, column=50>
+PRINT "Yellow text at 1, 50"
+
+' Change the text color to pink (color code 12) and move the cursor
+' to row 6, column 5. Print a message with the new color and position.
+COLOR 12
+LOCATE 6, 5 ' Sets the cursor location to <row=6, column=5>
+PRINT "Pink text at 6, 5"
+
+' Update the text color to green (color code 10) and set the cursor
+' to row 20, column 40. Display a message at this new location.
+COLOR 10
+LOCATE 20, 40 ' Sets the cursor location to <row=20, column=40>
+PRINT "Green text at 20, 40"
+
+' The program finishes execution here. Users can add more statements
+' below this line to experiment with different colors and positions.
+END ' End of the program
-CLS\r
-\r
-FOR a = 1 TO 15\r
- COLOR a\r
- PRINT "This is a test"\r
-NEXT a\r
-\r
-PRINT\r
-\r
-FOR a = 1 TO 15\r
- COLOR a\r
- PRINT "This is a test"; ' << semicolon at the end prevents cursor\r
- ' from starting new line\r
-NEXT a\r
-\r
+' This program demonstrates the use of FOR loops, color manipulation,
+' and string output in QuickBasic. It also shows how to prevent the
+' cursor from moving to a new line after printing a string.
+
+CLS ' Clears the screen before starting the program
+
+' The first loop demonstrates changing text colors using the COLOR statement
+' inside a FOR loop, which iterates from 1 to 15 (the number of available
+' color attributes in QuickBasic).
+FOR ColorIndex = 1 TO 15
+ COLOR ColorIndex ' Set the current text color to the loop index
+ PRINT "This is a test" ' Print the string with the new color
+NEXT ColorIndex
+
+PRINT ' Print a blank line for better readability
+
+' The second loop does the same as the first one, but it uses a semicolon
+' at the end of the PRINT statement to prevent the cursor from moving
+' to the start of a new line after each string output. This results in
+' all strings being printed on the same line.
+FOR ColorIndex = 1 TO 15
+ COLOR ColorIndex ' Change the text color for each iteration
+ PRINT "This is a test"; ' Print the string and keep the cursor on the same line
+NEXT ColorIndex
-CLS\r
-\r
-\r
-PRINT 70 / 4 ' usual division\r
-PRINT 70 \ 4 ' division and rounding\r
-\r
+' This example QuickBasic program demonstrates the difference between
+' normal division and integer division with rounding.
+
+CLS ' Clears the screen to provide a clean output area
+
+' Perform normal division which results in a floating-point number
+' and print the result
+PRINT "Normal division (70 / 4):"; 70 / 4
+
+' Explain the use of backslash (\) for integer division with rounding
+' Perform integer division with rounding and print the result
+PRINT "Integer division with rounding (70 \ 4):"; 70 \ 4
+
+' Provide a brief conclusion to summarize what was demonstrated
+PRINT
+PRINT "In QuickBasic, '/' performs normal division, while '\' does integer division"
+PRINT "and rounds the result to the nearest whole number."
+
+END ' End of program
+++ /dev/null
-CLS\r
-\r
-FOR a = 1 TO 20\r
- \r
- n1 = RND * 100\r
-\r
- n2 = INT(n1) ' Rounds numbers towards a smaller value.\r
-\r
- n3 = n1 \ 1 ' Mathematically correct rounding.\r
-\r
- PRINT n1, n2, n3\r
-\r
-NEXT a\r
-\r
-CLS\r
+' This program demonstrates the use of nested FOR loops in QuickBasic\r
+' to draw a simple pattern on the screen.\r
\r
+CLS ' Clears the screen and prepares for output\r
\r
-FOR b = 1 TO 15\r
- \r
- FOR a = 1 TO 60\r
- PRINT "#";\r
- NEXT a\r
- PRINT\r
+' Outer loop will run 15 times, representing rows\r
+FOR row = 1 TO 15\r
\r
-NEXT b\r
+ ' Inner loop will run 60 times, representing columns within each row\r
+ FOR column = 1 TO 60\r
+ PRINT "#"; ' Print a '#' character followed by no space to create a continuous line\r
+ NEXT column\r
\r
+ ' After completing one row, print a newline character to move to the next line\r
+ PRINT\r
\r
+NEXT row\r
\r
-CLS\r
-\r
-FOR b = 1 TO 10\r
- FOR a = 1 TO b\r
- PRINT "A";\r
- NEXT a\r
- PRINT\r
-NEXT b\r
-\r
-PRINT\r
-\r
-FOR b = 60 TO 0 STEP -8\r
- FOR a = 1 TO b\r
- PRINT "B";\r
- NEXT a\r
- PRINT\r
-NEXT b\r
-\r
+' QuickBasic example program to demonstrate the use of nested loops
+' and how to control the flow of a loop using the STEP keyword.
+
+CLS ' Clears the screen before starting the program
+
+' This outer loop will iterate from 1 to 10
+FOR b = 1 TO 10
+ ' The inner loop will print "A" b times, where b is the current
+ ' value of the outer loop iterator
+ FOR a = 1 TO b
+ PRINT "A"; ' Print "A" followed by a semicolon to prevent newline
+ NEXT a
+
+ ' After each inner loop iteration, print a newline to start the next line
+ PRINT
+NEXT b
+
+' Print a blank line to separate the two parts of the demonstration
+PRINT
+
+' This outer loop will iterate from 60 to 0, decrementing by 8 each time
+FOR b = 60 TO 0 STEP -8
+ ' The inner loop will print "B" b times, where b is the current
+ ' value of the outer loop iterator
+ FOR a = 1 TO b
+ PRINT "B"; ' Print "B" followed by a semicolon to prevent newline
+ NEXT a
+
+ ' After each inner loop iteration, print a newline to start the next line
+ PRINT
+NEXT b
+
+' End of the program
+END
-' press CTRL + PAUSE/BREAK to stop program.\r
-\r
-CLS\r
-1\r
-\r
-LOCATE 1, 1\r
-PRINT TIMER ' system timer\r
-PRINT TIME$ ' current system time\r
-PRINT DATE$ ' current system date\r
-\r
-GOTO 1\r
-\r
+' This example QuickBasic program demonstrates how to use the built-in
+' timer, as well as how to display the current system time and date.
+' It also shows a simple loop structure and the use of the CLS statement
+' to clear the screen.
+
+' To stop the program, press CTRL + PAUSE/BREAK.
+
+DO
+ ' Clear the screen to provide a clean display for each iteration.
+ CLS
+
+ ' Retrieve and print the current value of the system timer.
+ ' The TIMER function returns the number of seconds that have
+ ' elapsed since midnight, not counting leap seconds.
+ PRINT "System Timer: "; TIMER; " seconds since midnight."
+
+ ' Retrieve and print the current system time using TIME$.
+ ' TIME$ returns a string in the format "HH:MM:SS".
+ PRINT "Current System Time: "; TIME$; "."
+
+ ' Retrieve and print the current system date using DATE$.
+ ' DATE$ returns a string in the format "M/D/YYYY" or "DD/MM/YYYY"
+ ' depending on regional settings.
+ PRINT "Current System Date: "; DATE$; "."
+
+ ' Pause for a moment to allow the user to see the output before
+ ' it is cleared again in the next iteration of the loop.
+ ' The Sleep statement requires including the QB.BI library.
+ SLEEP 1
+
+LOOP
-' Start this program several times, and notice that first group\r
-' of numbers is always the same.\r
-\r
-CLS\r
-\r
-FOR b = 1 TO 10\r
- PRINT RND\r
-NEXT b\r
-\r
-PRINT\r
-\r
-RANDOMIZE TIMER ' to get differend random numbers 'RANDOMIZE TIMER'\r
- ' must be used.\r
-\r
-FOR b = 1 TO 10\r
- PRINT RND\r
-NEXT b\r
-\r
+' This example program demonstrates the use of the RND function
+' to generate random numbers in Microsoft QuickBasic.
+
+' Clear the screen before starting the program
+CLS
+
+' The first loop will print ten random numbers. However, these
+' numbers may not seem truly random because the random number
+' generator needs to be seeded with a varying value.
+
+PRINT "First group of 'random' numbers without seeding:"
+FOR b = 1 TO 10
+ PRINT RND
+NEXT b
+
+' Print an empty line for better readability between the two groups
+PRINT
+
+' Seed the random number generator using the TIMER function, which
+' returns the number of seconds since midnight. This ensures that
+' subsequent calls to RND will yield different sequences of numbers
+' each time the program is run after being restarted.
+RANDOMIZE TIMER
+PRINT "Second group of truly random numbers with seeding:"
+
+' Now, print another ten random numbers after seeding the generator
+FOR b = 1 TO 10
+ PRINT RND
+NEXT b
+
+' End of program
-CLS\r
+' This program demonstrates how to use the QuickBasic functions RND (random number generator),\r
+' COLOR (sets text and background color), LOCATE (positions the cursor on the screen), PRINT (displays text),\r
+' SOUND (generates a tone through the PC speaker)\r
\r
-1\r
-x = RND * 79 + 1\r
-y = RND * 22 + 1\r
-c = RND * 15\r
+CLS ' Clears the screen before starting the program\r
\r
-COLOR c\r
-LOCATE y, x\r
+' Generate random coordinates (x, y) for text placement on the screen\r
+' and a random color (c) for the text.\r
+' The screen has 80 columns (0-79) and 25 lines (0-24), but we start counting from 1.\r
\r
-PRINT "x"\r
-SOUND x * 100 + 100, .1\r
-GOTO 1\r
+\r
+' INKEY$ returns a string containing any keystroke; if no key is pressed, it returns an empty string\r
+DO WHILE INKEY$ = ""\r
+ x = INT(RND * 80) + 1 ' Random column, ensuring it is within the screen width\r
+ y = INT(RND * 25) + 1 ' Random line, ensuring it is within the screen height\r
+ c = INT(RND * 16) ' Random color index (0-15), where 0 is black and 15 is white\r
+\r
+ ' Set the text color to the randomly chosen color\r
+ COLOR c\r
+\r
+ ' Position the cursor at the random coordinates\r
+ LOCATE y, x\r
+\r
+ ' Print an "x" character at the current cursor position\r
+ PRINT "x"; ' The semicolon prevents advancing to the next line\r
+\r
+ ' Generate a sound with a frequency based on the x coordinate and a duration of 0.1 seconds\r
+ SOUND x * 100 + 100, 1\r
+\r
+LOOP\r
\r
projects / qbasicapps.git / commitdiff