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-<div class="row"><div class="col-md-9"><h1 class="title">Sixth - system for data storage, computation, exploration and interaction</h1>
-<hr >
-<ul class="org-ul">
-<li>This is a subproject of <a href="http://www2.svjatoslav.eu/gitbrowse/sixth/doc/index.html">Sixth</a>
-</li>
+<div class="row"><div class="col-md-9"><h1 class="title">Sixth Data - Data storage and computing engine</h1>
-<li><a href="http://www2.svjatoslav.eu/gitweb/?p=sixth-data.git;a=snapshot;h=HEAD;sf=tgz">download latest snapshot</a>
+<div id="outline-container-sec-1" class="outline-2">
+<h2 id="sec-1"><span class="section-number-2">1</span> General</h2>
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
+<ul class="org-ul">
+<li>This is a subproject of <a href="https://www3.svjatoslav.eu/projects/sixth/">Sixth</a>
</li>
-<li>This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-it under the terms of version 3 of the <a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html">GNU Lesser General Public
-License</a> or later as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+<li>This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the <a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html">GNU Lesser General Public License</a> as
+published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
+License, or (at your option) any later version.
</li>
<li>Program author:
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Svjatoslav Agejenko
</li>
-<li>Homepage: <a href="http://svjatoslav.eu">http://svjatoslav.eu</a>
+<li>Homepage: <a href="https://svjatoslav.eu">https://svjatoslav.eu</a>
</li>
<li>Email: <a href="mailto://svjatoslav@svjatoslav.eu">mailto://svjatoslav@svjatoslav.eu</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
-<li><a href="http://svjatoslav.eu/programs.jsp">other applications hosted at svjatoslav.eu</a>
+<li><a href="https://www.svjatoslav.eu/projects/">Other software projects hosted at svjatoslav.eu</a>
</li>
</ul>
+</div>
+
+<div id="outline-container-sec-1-1" class="outline-3">
+<h3 id="sec-1-1"><span class="section-number-3">1.1</span> Source code</h3>
+<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-1">
+<ul class="org-ul">
+<li><a href="https://www2.svjatoslav.eu/gitweb/?p=sixth-data.git;a=snapshot;h=HEAD;sf=tgz">Download latest snapshot in TAR GZ format</a>
+</li>
+<li><a href="https://www2.svjatoslav.eu/gitweb/?p=sixth-data.git;a=summary">Browse Git repository online</a>
+</li>
-<div id="outline-container-sec-1" class="outline-2">
-<h2 id="sec-1"><span class="section-number-2">1</span> Vision / goal</h2>
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
+<li>Clone Git repository using command:
+<pre class="example">
+git clone https://www2.svjatoslav.eu/git/sixth-data.git
+
+</pre>
+</li>
+
+<li>See <a href="https://www3.svjatoslav.eu/projects/sixth-data/apidocs/">JavaDoc</a>.
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div id="outline-container-sec-2" class="outline-2">
+<h2 id="sec-2"><a id="ID-f6764282-a6f6-44e6-8716-b428074dd093" name="ID-f6764282-a6f6-44e6-8716-b428074dd093"></a><span class="section-number-2">2</span> Vision / goal</h2>
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
<p>
-Provide versioned, clustered, flexible, object-relational database
-
functionality for the <a href="http://www2.svjatoslav.eu/gitbrowse/sixth/doc/index.html">Sixth computation engine</a>.
+Provide versioned, clustered, flexible, distributed, multi-dimensional
+
data storage engine for the <a href="http://www2.svjatoslav.eu/gitbrowse/sixth/doc/index.html">Sixth computation engine</a>.
</p>
+<ul class="org-ul">
+<li>Speaking of traditional relational database and object oriented
+business applications:
+
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>I hate object-relational impedance mismatch.
</li>
-<li>I don't like to convert data between persistent database and runtime
-objects for every transaction. How about creating united
+<li>I don't like to convert data between persistent database and
+runtime objects for every transaction. How about creating united
database/computation engine instead to:
-<ul class="org-ul">
-<li>Eliminate constant moving and converting of data between 2 systems.
</li>
+
+<li>Eliminate constant moving and converting of data between 2 systems
+and make computing happen close to where the data is stored.
+</li>
+
<li>Abstract away difference between RAM VS persistent storage. Let
the system decide at runtime which data to keep in what kind of
memory.
</li>
</ul>
</div>
+</div>
-<div id="outline-container-sec-1-1" class="outline-3">
-<h3 id="sec-1-1"><span class="section-number-3">1.1</span> Inspiration</h3>
-<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-1">
+<div id="outline-container-sec-3" class="outline-2">
+<h2 id="sec-3"><span class="section-number-2">3</span> Inspiration</h2>
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Relational databases:
<ul class="org-ul">
<li>Transparent cansistency, checksumming and deduplication.
</li>
<li>(Git as a database:
-<a href="https://www.kenneth-truyers.net/2016/10/13/git-nosql-database/">https://www.kenneth-truyers.net/2016/10/13/git-nosql-database/</a> )
</li>
</ul>
+<p>
+<a href="https://www.kenneth-truyers.net/2016/10/13/git-nosql-database/">https://www.kenneth-truyers.net/2016/10/13/git-nosql-database/</a> )
+</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
-</div>
-<div id="outline-container-sec-1-2" class="outline-3">
-<h3 id="sec-1-2"><span class="section-number-3">1.2</span> Solution (the big idea)</h3>
-<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-2">
-<p>
-I see 4D data structure.
-</p>
+<div id="outline-container-sec-3-1" class="outline-3">
+<h3 id="sec-3-1"><a id="ID-d2375acc-af14-4f18-8ad0-7949501178c5" name="ID-d2375acc-af14-4f18-8ad0-7949501178c5"></a><span class="section-number-3">3.1</span> Brain</h3>
+<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-1">
+<ul class="org-ul">
+<li>Brain appears to have more than 3D dimensional design:
+<a href="https://singularityhub.com/2017/06/21/is-there-a-multidimensional-mathematical-world-hidden-in-the-brains-computation/">https://singularityhub.com/2017/06/21/is-there-a-multidimensional-mathematical-world-hidden-in-the-brains-computation/</a>
+</li>
+<li>Brain appears to use geometry to map thoughts and even sounds:
+<ul class="org-ul">
+<li><a href="https://www.quantamagazine.org/the-brain-maps-out-ideas-and-memories-like-spaces-20190114/">https://www.quantamagazine.org/the-brain-maps-out-ideas-and-memories-like-spaces-20190114/</a>
+</li>
+<li><a href="https://www.quantamagazine.org/goals-and-rewards-redraw-the-brains-map-of-the-world-20190328">https://www.quantamagazine.org/goals-and-rewards-redraw-the-brains-map-of-the-world-20190328</a>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
-<figure>
-<p><img src="data model.png" class="img-responsive" alt="data model.png">
-</p>
-</figure>
+<li>It directly inspires <a href="#sec-4-1">Geometrical computation</a> idea and nicely fits
+with <a href="#sec-3-2">CM-1 Connection Machine</a> design.
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="outline-container-sec-3-2" class="outline-3">
+<h3 id="sec-3-2"><a id="ID-01aa65c1-3d44-44a8-9b90-58454bc6be80" name="ID-01aa65c1-3d44-44a8-9b90-58454bc6be80"></a><span class="section-number-3">3.2</span> CM-1 Connection Machine</h3>
+<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-2">
<p>
-Dimensions:
+<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connection_Machine">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connection_Machine</a>
</p>
+
<ul class="org-ul">
-<li>List of all the objecs in the system (rows).
+<li>see: <a href="#sec-4-1">Geometrical computation</a>
</li>
-<li>List of all declared unique object fields (columns).
+
+<li>Computation unit has local CPU and RAM.
</li>
-<li>List of all historical transactions/commits/versions (think of
-sheets of paper).
+
+<li>Data is pre-distributed across computation units.
</li>
-<li>List of all concurrently running branches/threads. Branches can
-appear and merge over time as needed.
+
+<li>Machine's internal 12-dimensional hypercube network allows to
+efficiently simulate arbitrary dimensional network topology between
+computational units. So that when we are solving/simulating for
+example 5 dimensional problem, we can arrange computational units
+into virtual 5D network. See:
+<a href="http://www.mission-base.com/tamiko/theory/cm_txts/di-ch2.html">http://www.mission-base.com/tamiko/theory/cm_txts/di-ch2.html</a>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div id="outline-container-sec-4" class="outline-2">
+<h2 id="sec-4"><span class="section-number-2">4</span> Ideas</h2>
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-4">
+</div><div id="outline-container-sec-4-1" class="outline-3">
+<h3 id="sec-4-1"><a id="ID-171fe375-c737-41e6-b429-a414f6abc5d8" name="ID-171fe375-c737-41e6-b429-a414f6abc5d8"></a><span class="section-number-3">4.1</span> Geometrical computation</h3>
+<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-4-1">
+<ul class="org-ul">
+<li>Inspired by <a href="#sec-3-1">Brain</a>.
</li>
-<li>(Every cell is concrete field value within an object)
+<li>Wits nicely with <a href="#sec-3-2">CM-1 Connection Machine</a> properties.
</li>
</ul>
+</div>
+<div id="outline-container-sec-4-1-1" class="outline-4">
+<h4 id="sec-4-1-1"><a id="ID-5d287158-53ea-44a2-a754-dd862366066a" name="ID-5d287158-53ea-44a2-a754-dd862366066a"></a><span class="section-number-4">4.1.1</span> Distributed computation and data storage</h4>
+<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-4-1-1">
+<p>
+Maybe every problem can be translated to geometry (use any shapes and
+as many dimensions as you need). Solution(s) to such problems would
+then appear as relatively simple search/comparison/lookup results. As
+a bonus, such geometrical *data storage* AND *computation* can be
+naturally made in *parallel* and *distributed*. That's what neurons in
+the brain appear to be doing ! :) . Learning means building/updating
+the model (the hard part). Question answering is making (relatively
+simple) lookups (geometrical queries) against the model.
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="outline-container-sec-4-1-2" class="outline-4">
+<h4 id="sec-4-1-2"><a id="ID-a117c11e-97c1-4822-88b2-9fc10f96caec" name="ID-a117c11e-97c1-4822-88b2-9fc10f96caec"></a><span class="section-number-4">4.1.2</span> Mapping of hyperspace to traditional object-oriented model</h4>
+<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-4-1-2">
<p>
-Partitioning/clustering:
+Object oriented programming is inspired by the way human mind
+operates. It allows programmer to express ideas to computer in a more
+human-like terms.
</p>
+
+<p>
+It is possible to map object model to geometrical hyperspace:
+</p>
+
<ul class="org-ul">
-<li>Why not to partition/(load balance) as required across networked
-physical computers along arbitrary dimension(s) declared above ?
+<li>Object is a point in space (universe). Each object member variable
+translates to its own dimension. That is: if class declares 4
+variables for an object, then corresponding object can be stored as
+a single point inside 4 dimensional space. Variable values translate
+to point coordinates in space. That is: Integer, floating point
+number and even boolean and string can be translated to linear value
+that can be used as a coordinate along particular dimension.
</li>
-</ul>
+<li>Each class declares its own space (universe). All class instances
+(objects) are points inside that particular universe. References
+between objects of different types are hyperlinks (portals) between
+different universes.
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="outline-container-sec-4-1-3" class="outline-4">
+<h4 id="sec-4-1-3"><a id="ID-b6b15bd2-c78b-4c51-a343-72843a515c29" name="ID-b6b15bd2-c78b-4c51-a343-72843a515c29"></a><span class="section-number-4">4.1.3</span> Handling of relations</h4>
+<div class="outline-text-4" id="text-4-1-3">
<p>
-Indexing (for fast searching):
+Consider we want to create database of books and authors. Book can
+have multiple authors, and single person can be author for multiple
+books. It is possible to store how many hours of work each author has
+contributed to every book, using hyperspace as follows:
</p>
+
+<ul class="org-ul">
+<li>Every dimension corresponds to one particular book author. (10
+authors in the database, would require 10 dimensional space)
+<ul class="org-ul">
+<li>Point in space corresponds to one particular book.
<ul class="org-ul">
-<li>Why not to index along arbitrary dimensions (as required) ?
+<li>Point location along particular (author) dimension corresponds
+to amount of work contributed by particular author for given
+book.
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>
-Further optimizations:
+Alternatively:
</p>
+
+<ul class="org-ul">
+<li>Every dimension corresponds to one particular book.
<ul class="org-ul">
-<li>In current early stage, trying to focus on minimum possible set of
-features that would provide maximum possible set of power/benefit :)
+<li>Point in space corresponds to one particular author in the entire
+database.
+<ul class="org-ul">
+<li>Point location along particular (book) dimension corresponds to
+amount of work contributed for book by given author (point).
</li>
-<li>Once featres are locked. Anything can be optimised. Optimization for
-size (deduplication) can be solved using Git style content
-addressible storage mechanism.
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
-<div id="outline-container-sec-2" class="outline-2">
-<h2 id="sec-2"><span class="section-number-2">2</span> Current status</h2>
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
+
+<div id="outline-container-sec-4-2" class="outline-3">
+<h3 id="sec-4-2"><span class="section-number-3">4.2</span> Layered architecture</h3>
+<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-4-2">
+<dl class="org-dl">
+<dt> layer 1 </dt><dd>disk / block storage / partition
+</dd>
+
+<dt> layer 2 </dt><dd>key/value storage. Keys are unique and are dictated by
+storage engine. Value is arbitrary but limited size byte
+array. This layer is responsible for handling disk
+defragmentation and consistency in case of crash
+recovery.
+</dd>
+
+<dt> layer 3 </dt><dd>key/value storage. Keys are content hashes. Values are
+arbitrary but limited size content byte arrays. This
+layer effectively implements content addressable
+storage. Content addressible storage enables GIT-like
+behavior (possibility for competing branches, retaining
+history, transparent deduplication)
+</dd>
+
+<dt> layer 4 </dt><dd>Implements arbitrary dimensional multiverse.
+</dd>
+
+<dt> layer 5 </dt><dd>Distributed computation engine.
+</dd>
+</dl>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="outline-container-sec-5" class="outline-2">
+<h2 id="sec-5"><span class="section-number-2">5</span> Current status</h2>
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-5">
<ul class="org-ul">
+<li>More or less defined <a href="#sec-2">Vision / goal</a>.
+</li>
+
+<li>Collected some <a href="#sec-3-1">ideas</a>.
+</li>
+
<li>Implemented very simple persistent key-value map.
+<ul class="org-ul">
+<li>Long term goal is to use it as a backing storage engine and
+implement more advanced features on top of this.
+</li>
+</ul>
</li>
</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="outline-container-sec-6" class="outline-2">
+<h2 id="sec-6"><span class="section-number-2">6</span> See also</h2>
+<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-6">
<p>
-Long term goal is to implement more advanced features on top of this.
+Interesting or competing projects with good ideas:
</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div id="outline-container-sec-3" class="outline-2">
-<h2 id="sec-3"><span class="section-number-2">3</span> <span class="label label-primary TODO">TODO</span> </h2>
-<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
-</div><div id="outline-container-sec-3-1" class="outline-3">
-<h3 id="sec-3-1"><span class="section-number-3">3.1</span> check out Magma</h3>
-<div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-1">
<ul class="org-ul">
-<li><a href="http://wiki.squeak.org/squeak/2665">http://wiki.squeak.org/squeak/2665</a>
+<li><a href="#sec-3-2">CM-1 Connection Machine</a>
+</li>
+
+<li>GRAKN.AI
+<ul class="org-ul">
+<li>database in the form of a knowledge graph that uses machine
+reasoning to simplify data processing challenges for AI
+applications. <a href="https://grakn.ai/">https://grakn.ai/</a>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li><a href="http://wiki.squeak.org/squeak/2665">Magma</a>
+<ul class="org-ul">
+<li>Multi-user object database for Squeak
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li><a href="http://esug.org/data/ESUG2015/3%20wednesday/1100-1130%20SQL%20Queries%20on%20Smalltalk%20Objects/SQL%20Queries%20in%20Smalltalk%20(James%20Foster).pdf">Gemstone/S</a>
+<ul class="org-ul">
+<li>Completely distributed smalltalk based computing
+system.
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li><a href="http://www.uruk.org/emu/Taos.html">TAOS</a>
+<ul class="org-ul">
+<li>Completely distributed operating system/virtual machine:
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li><a href="https://github.com/vygr/ChrysaLisp">ChrysaLisp</a>
+<ul class="org-ul">
+<li>Assembler/C-Script/Lisp 64 bit, MIMD, multi CPU, multi threaded,
+multi core, multi user Parallel OS. With GUI, Terminal, OO
+Assembler, Class libraries, C-Script compiler, Lisp interpreter,
+Debugger, and more…
+</li>
+</ul>
</li>
</ul>
-</div>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="col-md-3"><nav id="table-of-contents">
<div id="text-table-of-contents" class="bs-docs-sidebar">
<ul class="nav">
-<li><a href="#sec-1">1. Vision / goal</a>
+<li><a href="#sec-1">1. General</a>
+<ul class="nav">
+<li><a href="#sec-1-1">1.1. Source code</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#sec-2">2. Vision / goal</a></li>
+<li><a href="#sec-3">3. Inspiration</a>
<ul class="nav">
-<li><a href="#sec-1-1">1.1. Inspiration</a></li>
-<li><a href="#sec-1-2">1.2. Solution (the big idea)</a></li>
+<li><a href="#sec-3-1">3.1. Brain</a></li>
+<li><a href="#sec-3-2">3.2. CM-1 Connection Machine</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
-<li><a href="#sec-2">2. Current status</a></li>
-<li><a href="#sec-3">3. </a>
+<li><a href="#sec-4">4. Ideas</a>
<ul class="nav">
-<li><a href="#sec-3-1">3.1. check out Magma</a></li>
+<li><a href="#sec-4-1">4.1. Geometrical computation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#sec-4-2">4.2. Layered architecture</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
+<li><a href="#sec-5">5. Current status</a></li>
+<li><a href="#sec-6">6. See also</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
</div></div></div>
<footer id="postamble" class="">
<div><p class="author">Author: Svjatoslav Agejenko</p>
-<p class="date">Created: 2017-06-13 Tue 22:14</p>
-<p class="creator"><a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/">Emacs</a> 25.1.1 (<a href="http://orgmode.org">Org-mode</a> 8.2.10)</p>
+<p class="date">Created: 2019-09-22 Sun 11:57</p>
+<p class="creator"><a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/">Emacs</a> 26.1 (<a href="http://orgmode.org">Org-mode</a> 9.1.9)</p>
</div>
</footer>
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projects / sixth-data.git / blobdiff