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 221 </head>
 222 <body>
 223 <div id="content" class="container">
 224 <div class="row"><div class="col-md-9"><h1 class="title">Fifth - virtual machine, operating system, programming language</h1>
 225 <hr >
 226 <ul class="org-ul">
 227 <li><a href="http://www2.svjatoslav.eu/gitweb/?p=sixth.git;a=snapshot;h=HEAD;sf=tgz">download latest snapshot</a>
 228 </li>
 229
 230 <li>This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 231 the terms of version 3 of the <a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html">GNU Lesser General Public License</a> or later as
 232 published by the Free Software Foundation.
 233 </li>
 234
 235 <li>Program author:
 236 <ul class="org-ul">
 237 <li>Svjatoslav Agejenko
 238 </li>
 239 <li>Homepage: <a href="http://svjatoslav.eu">http://svjatoslav.eu</a>
 240 </li>
 241 <li>Email: <a href="mailto://svjatoslav@svjatoslav.eu">mailto://svjatoslav@svjatoslav.eu</a>
 242 </li>
 243 </ul>
 244 </li>
 245
 246 <li><a href="http://svjatoslav.eu/programs.jsp">other applications hosted at svjatoslav.eu</a>
 247 </li>
 248 </ul>
 249
 250 <div id="outline-container-sec-1" class="outline-2">
 251 <h2 id="sec-1"><span class="section-number-2">1</span> !Project deprecated!</h2>
 252 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
 253 <p>
 254 Current implementation does not support object oriented
 255 programming. While working on Fifth I got lots of cool new ideas that
 256 require reimplementation of everything.
 257 </p>
 258
 259 <p>
 260 Currently I try to implement those new ideas in the project called
 261 <a href="http://www2.svjatoslav.eu/gitbrowse/sixth/doc/index.html">Sixth</a>
 262 </p>
 263
 264 <p>
 265 System is built many years ago when I was still using DOS as a primary
 266 operating system.
 267 </p>
 268 </div>
 269 </div>
 270 <div id="outline-container-sec-2" class="outline-2">
 271 <h2 id="sec-2"><span class="section-number-2">2</span> Introduction</h2>
 272 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
 273 <p>
 274 Fifth is programming lanquage &amp; operating system, running on <i>virtual
 275 CPU</i>, with custom instruction set. It is much like Charles Chunk
 276 Moore's Forth, it also uses stack architecture, and many commands are
 277 similar. Basically I got familiar with concepts of Forth, and being
 278 inspired created my own system.
 279 </p>
 280
 281
 282
 283 <p>
 284 <i>Screenshots</i>
 285 </p>
 286
 287 <p>
 288 Read more about:
 289 </p>
 290 <ul class="org-ul">
 291 <li><a href="emulator.html">Virtual CPU</a>
 292 </li>
 293 <li><a href="commands/index.html">Built-in commands</a>
 294 </li>
 295 <li><a href="modules/index.html">Additional commands, realized as loadable modules</a>
 296 </li>
 297 <li><a href="5TH_ET.txt">Example Fifth source file - text editor</a>
 298 </li>
 299 </ul>
 300 </div>
 301 </div>
 302 <div id="outline-container-sec-3" class="outline-2">
 303 <h2 id="sec-3"><span class="section-number-2">3</span> Installation</h2>
 304 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
 305 <p>
 306 Just unpack all files, witout altering original directory structure,
 307 somewhere in your hard disk. For example: C:\MISC\FIFTH\&#x2026;.  To run
 308 fifth you need minimally just 2 files.  emulator itself ( EMULATOR.EXE
 309 or EMULATOR.COM ), and virtual disk file ( DISK.RAW ).
 310 </p>
 311
 312 <p>
 313 Read more about <i>distribution directory layout</i>
 314 </p>
 315 </div>
 316 </div>
 317 <div id="outline-container-sec-4" class="outline-2">
 318 <h2 id="sec-4"><span class="section-number-2">4</span> Software/Hardware/Human requirements</h2>
 319 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-4">
 320 </div><div id="outline-container-sec-4-1" class="outline-3">
 321 <h3 id="sec-4-1"><span class="section-number-3">4.1</span> Software:</h3>
 322 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-4-1">
 323 <ul class="org-ul">
 324 <li>MS-DOS 6.22, with HIMEM.SYS loaded.
 325 </li>
 326 <li>Mouse driver if you have a mouse.
 327 </li>
 328 <li>Does work only when CPU is in real mode.
 329 </li>
 330 <li>To recompile ASM sources I used FASM (Flat Assembler).
 331 </li>
 332 <li>I ran QBasic utilities on QB 4.5 .
 333 </li>
 334 <li>VESA support by BIOS, or external driver (UNIVBE).
 335 </li>
 336 </ul>
 337 </div>
 338 </div>
 339 <div id="outline-container-sec-4-2" class="outline-3">
 340 <h3 id="sec-4-2"><span class="section-number-3">4.2</span> Hardware:</h3>
 341 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-4-2">
 342 <ul class="org-ul">
 343 <li>Minimum CPU 386.
 344 </li>
 345 <li>64 KB free RAM below 640KB,
 346 </li>
 347 <li>2 MB of free XMS.
 348 </li>
 349 <li>VESA compatible video card.
 350 </li>
 351 </ul>
 352 </div>
 353 </div>
 354 <div id="outline-container-sec-4-3" class="outline-3">
 355 <h3 id="sec-4-3"><span class="section-number-3">4.3</span> Human:</h3>
 356 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-4-3">
 357 <ul class="org-ul">
 358 <li>Beginner level Forth knowledge is recommended.
 359 </li>
 360 <li>Lots of enthusiasm.
 361 </li>
 362 </ul>
 363 </div>
 364 </div>
 365 </div>
 366 <div id="outline-container-sec-5" class="outline-2">
 367 <h2 id="sec-5"><span class="section-number-2">5</span> Numbers representation</h2>
 368 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-5">
 369
 370 <figure>
 371 <p><a href="numbers.png"><img src="numbers.png" class="img-responsive" alt="numbers.png"></a>
 372 </p>
 373 </figure>
 374
 375 <p>
 376 Because I can define everything, starting from CPU, why not try also
 377 alternative and unique number representation ?
 378 </p>
 379
 380 <p>
 381 Fifth uses its hexdecimal number representation as primary. Numbers
 382 shape is formed by dividing a square into four parts. And manipulating
 383 their color (black or white).
 384 </p>
 385 </div>
 386 </div>
 387 <div id="outline-container-sec-6" class="outline-2">
 388 <h2 id="sec-6"><span class="section-number-2">6</span> Disk file map, and it's data structures</h2>
 389 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-6">
 390 <p>
 391 Core and high-level boot code is stored outside of the filesystem to
 392 allow easy access to it, at early booting time, when filesystem is not
 393 yet initialized.
 394 </p>
 395 </div>
 396 <div id="outline-container-sec-6-1" class="outline-3">
 397 <h3 id="sec-6-1"><span class="section-number-3">6.1</span> disk allocation</h3>
 398 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-6-1">
 399 <table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-hover table-condensed">
 400
 401
 402 <colgroup>
 403 <col  class="left">
 404
 405 <col  class="left">
 406
 407 <col  class="left">
 408 </colgroup>
 409 <thead>
 410 <tr>
 411 <th scope="col" class="text-left">offset</th>
 412 <th scope="col" class="text-left">length</th>
 413 <th scope="col" class="text-left">description</th>
 414 </tr>
 415 </thead>
 416 <tbody>
 417 <tr>
 418 <td class="text-left">0</td>
 419 <td class="text-left">~4 Kb</td>
 420 <td class="text-left">Fifth core</td>
 421 </tr>
 422
 423 <tr>
 424 <td class="text-left">4 Kb</td>
 425 <td class="text-left">~32Kb</td>
 426 <td class="text-left">high-level boot code</td>
 427 </tr>
 428
 429 <tr>
 430 <td class="text-left">37 Kb</td>
 431 <td class="text-left">~65Kb</td>
 432 <td class="text-left">FAT</td>
 433 </tr>
 434
 435 <tr>
 436 <td class="text-left">101Kb</td>
 437 <td class="text-left">~16MB</td>
 438 <td class="text-left">filesystem data area</td>
 439 </tr>
 440 </tbody>
 441 </table>
 442 </div>
 443 </div>
 444 <div id="outline-container-sec-6-2" class="outline-3">
 445 <h3 id="sec-6-2"><span class="section-number-3">6.2</span> FAT entry format:</h3>
 446 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-6-2">
 447 <table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-hover table-condensed">
 448
 449
 450 <colgroup>
 451 <col  class="right">
 452
 453 <col  class="left">
 454 </colgroup>
 455 <thead>
 456 <tr>
 457 <th scope="col" class="text-right">code</th>
 458 <th scope="col" class="text-left">meaning</th>
 459 </tr>
 460 </thead>
 461 <tbody>
 462 <tr>
 463 <td class="text-right">-2</td>
 464 <td class="text-left">last sector</td>
 465 </tr>
 466
 467 <tr>
 468 <td class="text-right">-1</td>
 469 <td class="text-left">empty sector</td>
 470 </tr>
 471
 472 <tr>
 473 <td class="text-right">0 --</td>
 474 <td class="text-left">.. pointer to next block</td>
 475 </tr>
 476 </tbody>
 477 </table>
 478 </div>
 479 </div>
 480 <div id="outline-container-sec-6-3" class="outline-3">
 481 <h3 id="sec-6-3"><span class="section-number-3">6.3</span> file entry format</h3>
 482 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-6-3">
 483 <table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-hover table-condensed">
 484
 485
 486 <colgroup>
 487 <col  class="right">
 488
 489 <col  class="right">
 490
 491 <col  class="left">
 492 </colgroup>
 493 <thead>
 494 <tr>
 495 <th scope="col" class="text-right">offset</th>
 496 <th scope="col" class="text-right">length</th>
 497 <th scope="col" class="text-left">description</th>
 498 </tr>
 499 </thead>
 500 <tbody>
 501 <tr>
 502 <td class="text-right">0</td>
 503 <td class="text-right">4</td>
 504 <td class="text-left">extension</td>
 505 </tr>
 506
 507 <tr>
 508 <td class="text-right">4</td>
 509 <td class="text-right">16</td>
 510 <td class="text-left">name</td>
 511 </tr>
 512
 513 <tr>
 514 <td class="text-right">20</td>
 515 <td class="text-right">4</td>
 516 <td class="text-left">entry point</td>
 517 </tr>
 518
 519 <tr>
 520 <td class="text-right">24</td>
 521 <td class="text-right">4</td>
 522 <td class="text-left">size</td>
 523 </tr>
 524
 525 <tr>
 526 <td class="text-right">28</td>
 527 <td class="text-right">4</td>
 528 <td class="text-left">last modification time</td>
 529 </tr>
 530 </tbody>
 531 </table>
 532 </div>
 533 </div>
 534 </div>
 535 <div id="outline-container-sec-7" class="outline-2">
 536 <h2 id="sec-7"><span class="section-number-2">7</span> Core architecture</h2>
 537 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-7">
 538 <p>
 539 Fifth core is simply some amount of already compiled into machine code
 540 and linked together modules (entries in other words). In compilation
 541 process modules is compiled one by one and simply stored on top of
 542 already existing and growing core. Separately from core is kept
 543 dictionary, this is special list that contain names of compiled
 544 modules, variables etc. and they locations in core. Constants use
 545 dictionary space only. Random word can be removed from dictionary at
 546 any time. Currently dictionary can contain at most 1000 entries.
 547 </p>
 548 </div>
 549 <div id="outline-container-sec-7-1" class="outline-3">
 550 <h3 id="sec-7-1"><span class="section-number-3">7.1</span> dictionary entry format</h3>
 551 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-7-1">
 552 <table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-hover table-condensed">
 553
 554
 555 <colgroup>
 556 <col  class="right">
 557
 558 <col  class="right">
 559
 560 <col  class="left">
 561 </colgroup>
 562 <thead>
 563 <tr>
 564 <th scope="col" class="text-right">offset</th>
 565 <th scope="col" class="text-right">length</th>
 566 <th scope="col" class="text-left">description</th>
 567 </tr>
 568 </thead>
 569 <tbody>
 570 <tr>
 571 <td class="text-right">0</td>
 572 <td class="text-right">4</td>
 573 <td class="text-left">0 &amp;lt; previous entry</td>
 574 </tr>
 575
 576 <tr>
 577 <td class="text-right">&#xa0;</td>
 578 <td class="text-right">&#xa0;</td>
 579 <td class="text-left">0 = last</td>
 580 </tr>
 581
 582 <tr>
 583 <td class="text-right">&#xa0;</td>
 584 <td class="text-right">&#xa0;</td>
 585 <td class="text-left">-1 = empty</td>
 586 </tr>
 587 </tbody>
 588 <tbody>
 589 <tr>
 590 <td class="text-right">4</td>
 591 <td class="text-right">15</td>
 592 <td class="text-left">module name string</td>
 593 </tr>
 594 </tbody>
 595 <tbody>
 596 <tr>
 597 <td class="text-right">19</td>
 598 <td class="text-right">1</td>
 599 <td class="text-left">entry type</td>
 600 </tr>
 601 </tbody>
 602 <tbody>
 603 <tr>
 604 <td class="text-right">20</td>
 605 <td class="text-right">4</td>
 606 <td class="text-left">entry data</td>
 607 </tr>
 608 </tbody>
 609 </table>
 610
 611 <p>
 612 Core headers as linked list of module names make up something like
 613 dictionary.  When some entry address is needed compiler can quickly
 614 run through headers backwards and find needed entry.
 615 </p>
 616 </div>
 617 </div>
 618 <div id="outline-container-sec-7-2" class="outline-3">
 619 <h3 id="sec-7-2"><span class="section-number-3">7.2</span> Possible module types</h3>
 620 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-7-2">
 621 <table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-hover table-condensed">
 622
 623
 624 <colgroup>
 625 <col  class="right">
 626
 627 <col  class="left">
 628
 629 <col  class="left">
 630 </colgroup>
 631 <thead>
 632 <tr>
 633 <th scope="col" class="text-right">type</th>
 634 <th scope="col" class="text-left">description</th>
 635 <th scope="col" class="text-left">"execute" action</th>
 636 </tr>
 637 </thead>
 638 <tbody>
 639 <tr>
 640 <td class="text-right">0</td>
 641 <td class="text-left">data</td>
 642 <td class="text-left">compile "num" instruction</td>
 643 </tr>
 644
 645 <tr>
 646 <td class="text-right">&#xa0;</td>
 647 <td class="text-left">&#xa0;</td>
 648 <td class="text-left">with address to module</td>
 649 </tr>
 650 </tbody>
 651 <tbody>
 652 <tr>
 653 <td class="text-right">1</td>
 654 <td class="text-left">submodule</td>
 655 <td class="text-left">compile "call" instruction</td>
 656 </tr>
 657
 658 <tr>
 659 <td class="text-right">&#xa0;</td>
 660 <td class="text-left">&#xa0;</td>
 661 <td class="text-left">with address to module</td>
 662 </tr>
 663 </tbody>
 664 <tbody>
 665 <tr>
 666 <td class="text-right">2</td>
 667 <td class="text-left">imm. submodule</td>
 668 <td class="text-left">immediately call to module</td>
 669 </tr>
 670 </tbody>
 671 </table>
 672 </div>
 673 </div>
 674 <div id="outline-container-sec-7-3" class="outline-3">
 675 <h3 id="sec-7-3"><span class="section-number-3">7.3</span> Memory map: (average)</h3>
 676 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-7-3">
 677 <table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-hover table-condensed">
 678
 679
 680 <colgroup>
 681 <col  class="right">
 682
 683 <col  class="left">
 684
 685 <col  class="left">
 686 </colgroup>
 687 <thead>
 688 <tr>
 689 <th scope="col" class="text-right">&lt;loc&gt;</th>
 690 <th scope="col" class="text-left">&lt;size&gt;</th>
 691 <th scope="col" class="text-left">&lt;desc&gt;</th>
 692 </tr>
 693 </thead>
 694 <tbody>
 695 <tr>
 696 <td class="text-right">0</td>
 697 <td class="text-left">~4096</td>
 698 <td class="text-left">core</td>
 699 </tr>
 700
 701 <tr>
 702 <td class="text-right">1500000</td>
 703 <td class="text-left">~32000</td>
 704 <td class="text-left">highlevel Fifth boot code</td>
 705 </tr>
 706
 707 <tr>
 708 <td class="text-right">200000h</td>
 709 <td class="text-left">&#xa0;</td>
 710 <td class="text-left">core startup messages area</td>
 711 </tr>
 712
 713 <tr>
 714 <td class="text-right">5200000</td>
 715 <td class="text-left">&#xa0;</td>
 716 <td class="text-left">end of dynamic memory space</td>
 717 </tr>
 718 </tbody>
 719 </table>
 720 </div>
 721 </div>
 722 </div>
 723 <div id="outline-container-sec-8" class="outline-2">
 724 <h2 id="sec-8"><span class="section-number-2">8</span> Fifth source format</h2>
 725 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-8">
 726 <p>
 727 Fifth uses a different character table and codes than ASCII (still
 728 almost similar). I call it FSCII (Fifth Standard Code for Information
 729 Interchange) for example space character is not 32 but 255 instead.  I
 730 plan to use mainly HEX numbers, and create new characters to represent
 731 numeric values. So typical nemric characters "0123&#x2026;"  is treated
 732 like ordinary letters.
 733 </p>
 734 </div>
 735 <div id="outline-container-sec-8-1" class="outline-3">
 736 <h3 id="sec-8-1"><span class="section-number-3">8.1</span> FSCII:</h3>
 737 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-8-1">
 738 <table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-hover table-condensed">
 739
 740
 741 <colgroup>
 742 <col  class="right">
 743
 744 <col  class="left">
 745
 746 <col  class="left">
 747 </colgroup>
 748 <thead>
 749 <tr>
 750 <th scope="col" class="text-right">DEC</th>
 751 <th scope="col" class="text-left">HEX</th>
 752 <th scope="col" class="text-left">function</th>
 753 </tr>
 754 </thead>
 755 <tbody>
 756 <tr>
 757 <td class="text-right">0 - 15</td>
 758 <td class="text-left">0 - F</td>
 759 <td class="text-left">HEX numbers</td>
 760 </tr>
 761
 762 <tr>
 763 <td class="text-right">252</td>
 764 <td class="text-left">FC</td>
 765 <td class="text-left">backspace</td>
 766 </tr>
 767
 768 <tr>
 769 <td class="text-right">253</td>
 770 <td class="text-left">FD</td>
 771 <td class="text-left">tabulator (TAB)</td>
 772 </tr>
 773
 774 <tr>
 775 <td class="text-right">254</td>
 776 <td class="text-left">FE</td>
 777 <td class="text-left">carriage return (CR)</td>
 778 </tr>
 779
 780 <tr>
 781 <td class="text-right">255</td>
 782 <td class="text-left">FF</td>
 783 <td class="text-left">space</td>
 784 </tr>
 785
 786 <tr>
 787 <td class="text-right">else</td>
 788 <td class="text-left">&#xa0;</td>
 789 <td class="text-left">ordinary characters, same as in ASCII.</td>
 790 </tr>
 791 </tbody>
 792 </table>
 793 </div>
 794 </div>
 795 </div>
 796 </div><div class="col-md-3"><nav id="table-of-contents">
 797 <div id="text-table-of-contents" class="bs-docs-sidebar">
 798 <ul class="nav">
 799 <li><a href="#sec-1">1. !Project deprecated!</a></li>
 800 <li><a href="#sec-2">2. Introduction</a></li>
 801 <li><a href="#sec-3">3. Installation</a></li>
 802 <li><a href="#sec-4">4. Software/Hardware/Human requirements</a>
 803 <ul class="nav">
 804 <li><a href="#sec-4-1">4.1. Software:</a></li>
 805 <li><a href="#sec-4-2">4.2. Hardware:</a></li>
 806 <li><a href="#sec-4-3">4.3. Human:</a></li>
 807 </ul>
 808 </li>
 809 <li><a href="#sec-5">5. Numbers representation</a></li>
 810 <li><a href="#sec-6">6. Disk file map, and it's data structures</a>
 811 <ul class="nav">
 812 <li><a href="#sec-6-1">6.1. disk allocation</a></li>
 813 <li><a href="#sec-6-2">6.2. FAT entry format:</a></li>
 814 <li><a href="#sec-6-3">6.3. file entry format</a></li>
 815 </ul>
 816 </li>
 817 <li><a href="#sec-7">7. Core architecture</a>
 818 <ul class="nav">
 819 <li><a href="#sec-7-1">7.1. dictionary entry format</a></li>
 820 <li><a href="#sec-7-2">7.2. Possible module types</a></li>
 821 <li><a href="#sec-7-3">7.3. Memory map: (average)</a></li>
 822 </ul>
 823 </li>
 824 <li><a href="#sec-8">8. Fifth source format</a>
 825 <ul class="nav">
 826 <li><a href="#sec-8-1">8.1. FSCII:</a></li>
 827 </ul>
 828 </li>
 829 </ul>
 830 </div>
 831 </nav>
 832 </div></div></div>
 833 <footer id="postamble" class="">
 834 <div><p class="author">Author: Svjatoslav Agejenko</p>
 835 <p class="date">Created: 2017-01-21 Sat 22:20</p>
 836 <p class="creator"><a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/">Emacs</a> 24.4.1 (<a href="http://orgmode.org">Org-mode</a> 8.2.10)</p>
 837 </div>
 838 </footer>
 839 </body>
 840 </html>