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198 <div class="row"><div class="col-md-9"><h1 class="title">Sixth Data - Data storage and computing engine</h1>
200 <div id="outline-container-sec-1" class="outline-2">
201 <h2 id="sec-1"><span class="section-number-2">1</span> General</h2>
202 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-1">
204 <li>This is a subproject of <a href="https://www3.svjatoslav.eu/projects/sixth/">Sixth</a>
207 <li>This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
208 it under the terms of the <a href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html">GNU Lesser General Public License</a> as
209 published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
210 License, or (at your option) any later version.
215 <li>Svjatoslav Agejenko
217 <li>Homepage: <a href="https://svjatoslav.eu">https://svjatoslav.eu</a>
219 <li>Email: <a href="mailto://svjatoslav@svjatoslav.eu">mailto://svjatoslav@svjatoslav.eu</a>
224 <li><a href="https://www.svjatoslav.eu/projects/">Other software projects hosted at svjatoslav.eu</a>
229 <div id="outline-container-sec-1-1" class="outline-3">
230 <h3 id="sec-1-1"><span class="section-number-3">1.1</span> Source code</h3>
231 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-1-1">
233 <li><a href="https://www2.svjatoslav.eu/gitweb/?p=sixth-data.git;a=snapshot;h=HEAD;sf=tgz">Download latest snapshot in TAR GZ format</a>
236 <li><a href="https://www2.svjatoslav.eu/gitweb/?p=sixth-data.git;a=summary">Browse Git repository online</a>
239 <li>Clone Git repository using command:
240 <pre class="example">
241 git clone https://www2.svjatoslav.eu/git/sixth-data.git
246 <li>See <a href="https://www3.svjatoslav.eu/projects/sixth-data/apidocs/">JavaDoc</a>.
253 <div id="outline-container-sec-2" class="outline-2">
254 <h2 id="sec-2"><a id="ID-f6764282-a6f6-44e6-8716-b428074dd093" name="ID-f6764282-a6f6-44e6-8716-b428074dd093"></a><span class="section-number-2">2</span> Vision / goal</h2>
255 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-2">
257 Provide versioned, clustered, flexible, distributed, multi-dimensional
258 data storage engine for the <a href="http://www2.svjatoslav.eu/gitbrowse/sixth/doc/index.html">Sixth computation engine</a>.
262 <li>Speaking of traditional relational database and object oriented
263 business applications:
266 <li>I hate object-relational impedance mismatch.
269 <li>I don't like to convert data between persistent database and
270 runtime objects for every transaction. How about creating united
271 database/computation engine instead to:
274 <li>Eliminate constant moving and converting of data between 2 systems
275 and make computing happen close to where the data is stored.
278 <li>Abstract away difference between RAM VS persistent storage. Let
279 the system decide at runtime which data to keep in what kind of
290 <div id="outline-container-sec-3" class="outline-2">
291 <h2 id="sec-3"><span class="section-number-2">3</span> Inspiration</h2>
292 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-3">
294 <li>Relational databases:
298 <li>Indexable / Quickly searchable.
303 <li>Git (version control system)
307 <li>Branchable / mergeable.
309 <li>Transparent cansistency, checksumming and deduplication.
311 <li>(Git as a database:
315 <a href="https://www.kenneth-truyers.net/2016/10/13/git-nosql-database/">https://www.kenneth-truyers.net/2016/10/13/git-nosql-database/</a> )
321 <div id="outline-container-sec-3-1" class="outline-3">
322 <h3 id="sec-3-1"><a id="ID-d2375acc-af14-4f18-8ad0-7949501178c5" name="ID-d2375acc-af14-4f18-8ad0-7949501178c5"></a><span class="section-number-3">3.1</span> Brain</h3>
323 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-1">
325 <li>Brain appears to have more than 3D dimensional design:
326 <a href="https://singularityhub.com/2017/06/21/is-there-a-multidimensional-mathematical-world-hidden-in-the-brains-computation/">https://singularityhub.com/2017/06/21/is-there-a-multidimensional-mathematical-world-hidden-in-the-brains-computation/</a>
329 <li>Brain appears to use geometry to map thoughts and even sounds:
331 <li><a href="https://www.quantamagazine.org/the-brain-maps-out-ideas-and-memories-like-spaces-20190114/">https://www.quantamagazine.org/the-brain-maps-out-ideas-and-memories-like-spaces-20190114/</a>
333 <li><a href="https://www.quantamagazine.org/goals-and-rewards-redraw-the-brains-map-of-the-world-20190328">https://www.quantamagazine.org/goals-and-rewards-redraw-the-brains-map-of-the-world-20190328</a>
338 <li>It directly inspires <a href="#sec-4-1">Geometrical computation</a> idea and nicely fits
339 with <a href="#sec-3-2">CM-1 Connection Machine</a> design.
345 <div id="outline-container-sec-3-2" class="outline-3">
346 <h3 id="sec-3-2"><a id="ID-01aa65c1-3d44-44a8-9b90-58454bc6be80" name="ID-01aa65c1-3d44-44a8-9b90-58454bc6be80"></a><span class="section-number-3">3.2</span> CM-1 Connection Machine</h3>
347 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-3-2">
349 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connection_Machine">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connection_Machine</a>
353 <li>see: <a href="#sec-4-1">Geometrical computation</a>
356 <li>Computation unit has local CPU and RAM.
359 <li>Data is pre-distributed across computation units.
362 <li>Machine's internal 12-dimensional hypercube network allows to
363 efficiently simulate arbitrary dimensional network topology between
364 computational units. So that when we are solving/simulating for
365 example 5 dimensional problem, we can arrange computational units
366 into virtual 5D network. See:
367 <a href="http://www.mission-base.com/tamiko/theory/cm_txts/di-ch2.html">http://www.mission-base.com/tamiko/theory/cm_txts/di-ch2.html</a>
374 <div id="outline-container-sec-4" class="outline-2">
375 <h2 id="sec-4"><span class="section-number-2">4</span> Ideas</h2>
376 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-4">
377 </div><div id="outline-container-sec-4-1" class="outline-3">
378 <h3 id="sec-4-1"><a id="ID-171fe375-c737-41e6-b429-a414f6abc5d8" name="ID-171fe375-c737-41e6-b429-a414f6abc5d8"></a><span class="section-number-3">4.1</span> Geometrical computation</h3>
379 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-4-1">
381 <li>Inspired by <a href="#sec-3-1">Brain</a>.
383 <li>Wits nicely with <a href="#sec-3-2">CM-1 Connection Machine</a> properties.
388 <div id="outline-container-sec-4-1-1" class="outline-4">
389 <h4 id="sec-4-1-1"><a id="ID-5d287158-53ea-44a2-a754-dd862366066a" name="ID-5d287158-53ea-44a2-a754-dd862366066a"></a><span class="section-number-4">4.1.1</span> Distributed computation and data storage</h4>
390 <div class="outline-text-4" id="text-4-1-1">
392 Maybe every problem can be translated to geometry (use any shapes and
393 as many dimensions as you need). Solution(s) to such problems would
394 then appear as relatively simple search/comparison/lookup results. As
395 a bonus, such geometrical *data storage* AND *computation* can be
396 naturally made in *parallel* and *distributed*. That's what neurons in
397 the brain appear to be doing ! :) . Learning means building/updating
398 the model (the hard part). Question answering is making (relatively
399 simple) lookups (geometrical queries) against the model.
403 <div id="outline-container-sec-4-1-2" class="outline-4">
404 <h4 id="sec-4-1-2"><a id="ID-a117c11e-97c1-4822-88b2-9fc10f96caec" name="ID-a117c11e-97c1-4822-88b2-9fc10f96caec"></a><span class="section-number-4">4.1.2</span> Mapping of hyperspace to traditional object-oriented model</h4>
405 <div class="outline-text-4" id="text-4-1-2">
407 Object oriented programming is inspired by the way human mind
408 operates. It allows programmer to express ideas to computer in a more
413 It is possible to map object model to geometrical hyperspace:
417 <li>Object is a point in space (universe). Each object member variable
418 translates to its own dimension. That is: if class declares 4
419 variables for an object, then corresponding object can be stored as
420 a single point inside 4 dimensional space. Variable values translate
421 to point coordinates in space. That is: Integer, floating point
422 number and even boolean and string can be translated to linear value
423 that can be used as a coordinate along particular dimension.
426 <li>Each class declares its own space (universe). All class instances
427 (objects) are points inside that particular universe. References
428 between objects of different types are hyperlinks (portals) between
434 <div id="outline-container-sec-4-1-3" class="outline-4">
435 <h4 id="sec-4-1-3"><a id="ID-b6b15bd2-c78b-4c51-a343-72843a515c29" name="ID-b6b15bd2-c78b-4c51-a343-72843a515c29"></a><span class="section-number-4">4.1.3</span> Handling of relations</h4>
436 <div class="outline-text-4" id="text-4-1-3">
438 Consider we want to create database of books and authors. Book can
439 have multiple authors, and single person can be author for multiple
440 books. It is possible to store how many hours of work each author has
441 contributed to every book, using hyperspace as follows:
445 <li>Every dimension corresponds to one particular book author. (10
446 authors in the database, would require 10 dimensional space)
448 <li>Point in space corresponds to one particular book.
450 <li>Point location along particular (author) dimension corresponds
451 to amount of work contributed by particular author for given
465 <li>Every dimension corresponds to one particular book.
467 <li>Point in space corresponds to one particular author in the entire
470 <li>Point location along particular (book) dimension corresponds to
471 amount of work contributed for book by given author (point).
482 <div id="outline-container-sec-4-2" class="outline-3">
483 <h3 id="sec-4-2"><span class="section-number-3">4.2</span> Layered architecture</h3>
484 <div class="outline-text-3" id="text-4-2">
486 <dt> layer 1 </dt><dd>disk / block storage / partition
489 <dt> layer 2 </dt><dd>key/value storage. Keys are unique and are dictated by
490 storage engine. Value is arbitrary but limited size byte
491 array. This layer is responsible for handling disk
492 defragmentation and consistency in case of crash
496 <dt> layer 3 </dt><dd>key/value storage. Keys are content hashes. Values are
497 arbitrary but limited size content byte arrays. This
498 layer effectively implements content addressable
499 storage. Content addressible storage enables GIT-like
500 behavior (possibility for competing branches, retaining
501 history, transparent deduplication)
504 <dt> layer 4 </dt><dd>Implements arbitrary dimensional multiverse.
507 <dt> layer 5 </dt><dd>Distributed computation engine.
513 <div id="outline-container-sec-5" class="outline-2">
514 <h2 id="sec-5"><span class="section-number-2">5</span> Current status</h2>
515 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-5">
517 <li>More or less defined <a href="#sec-2">Vision / goal</a>.
520 <li>Collected some <a href="#sec-3-1">ideas</a>.
523 <li>Implemented very simple persistent key-value map.
525 <li>Long term goal is to use it as a backing storage engine and
526 implement more advanced features on top of this.
534 <div id="outline-container-sec-6" class="outline-2">
535 <h2 id="sec-6"><span class="section-number-2">6</span> See also</h2>
536 <div class="outline-text-2" id="text-6">
538 Interesting or competing projects with good ideas:
542 <li><a href="#sec-3-2">CM-1 Connection Machine</a>
545 <li><a href="http://phantomos.org/">http://phantomos.org/</a>
547 <li>Programs run forever. System crash or reboot does not destroy
548 state of running program.
553 <li>Taichi: A Language for High-Performance Computation onSpatially
554 Sparse Data Structures
556 <li><a href="http://taichi.graphics/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/taichi_lang.pdf">http://taichi.graphics/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/taichi_lang.pdf</a>
563 <li>database in the form of a knowledge graph that uses machine
564 reasoning to simplify data processing challenges for AI
565 applications. <a href="https://grakn.ai/">https://grakn.ai/</a>
570 <li><a href="http://wiki.squeak.org/squeak/2665">Magma</a>
572 <li>Multi-user object database for Squeak
577 <li><a href="http://esug.org/data/ESUG2015/3%20wednesday/1100-1130%20SQL%20Queries%20on%20Smalltalk%20Objects/SQL%20Queries%20in%20Smalltalk%20(James%20Foster).pdf">Gemstone/S</a>
579 <li>Completely distributed smalltalk based computing
585 <li><a href="http://www.uruk.org/emu/Taos.html">TAOS</a>
587 <li>Completely distributed operating system/virtual machine:
592 <li><a href="https://github.com/vygr/ChrysaLisp">ChrysaLisp</a>
594 <li>Assembler/C-Script/Lisp 64 bit, MIMD, multi CPU, multi threaded,
595 multi core, multi user Parallel OS. With GUI, Terminal, OO
596 Assembler, Class libraries, C-Script compiler, Lisp interpreter,
597 Debugger, and more…
604 </div><div class="col-md-3"><nav id="table-of-contents">
605 <div id="text-table-of-contents" class="bs-docs-sidebar">
607 <li><a href="#sec-1">1. General</a>
609 <li><a href="#sec-1-1">1.1. Source code</a></li>
612 <li><a href="#sec-2">2. Vision / goal</a></li>
613 <li><a href="#sec-3">3. Inspiration</a>
615 <li><a href="#sec-3-1">3.1. Brain</a></li>
616 <li><a href="#sec-3-2">3.2. CM-1 Connection Machine</a></li>
619 <li><a href="#sec-4">4. Ideas</a>
621 <li><a href="#sec-4-1">4.1. Geometrical computation</a></li>
622 <li><a href="#sec-4-2">4.2. Layered architecture</a></li>
625 <li><a href="#sec-5">5. Current status</a></li>
626 <li><a href="#sec-6">6. See also</a></li>
631 <footer id="postamble" class="">
632 <div><p class="author">Author: Svjatoslav Agejenko</p>
633 <p class="date">Created: 2019-10-21 Mon 22:18</p>
634 <p class="creator"><a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/">Emacs</a> 26.1 (<a href="http://orgmode.org">Org-mode</a> 9.1.9)</p>